Uyenza njani iAPA paraphrase
Xa usenza uphando olubanzi lwezenzululwazi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kudibana neencwadana zeelebhu ezinolwazi olufanelekileyo olufunayo (kwaye kufanele) ulubandakanye kwinkcazo yakho. Emva koko umbuzo uvela: Uyicaphula njani incwadi ye-APA?
Ukuba kukho into enye ecacileyo kuthi, kukuba i-American Psychological Association (APA) icinge ngazo zonke iinkcukacha. Ukuhlonipha ilungelo lokushicilela enye yezona ndawo zinkulu, kusengqiqweni ukuba ivumela kwaye ifune ukuba ngalinye kumaxwebhu ahlukeneyo kunye nemithombo eya kuba yinxalenye yethiyori apho umsebenzi wakho wesidanga, ithisisi, uphando luya kusekelwa, lucatshulwe. iphepha, isincoko, dissertation, okanye naliphi na inqaku ozifumana ulibhala.
Uyicaphula njani incwadi ye-APA?
Masiqale ngokuthi imithetho iya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwencwadana esiza kuyicaphula. Ukucaphula incwadana yemiyalelo akufani nokucaphula incwadi yelabhoratri.
Kufuneka unike ingqwalasela enkulu kwiinkcukacha kunye nomahluko phakathi kwencwadi nganye yezikhokelo, kuba ungenza impazamo kwaye "uphulukane" nedinga olenzayo. Ukuba ireferensi ayilunganga, uya kunyanzelwa ukuba ucime ukucaphula kwakho kwaye uya kuphulukana nolwakhiwo kunye nolwandlalo olwenzileyo kuphando lwakho.
Masifunde indlela yokucaphula incwadi yemiyalelo
Ungacaphula nayiphi na incwadi yemiyalelo onayo, ngokucacileyo, ukuba nje inegalelo kumxholo obalulekileyo kuphando lwakho.
Khumbula ukuba isicatshulwa ngasinye sikhokelela ekungeneni kuluhlu lwereferensi kwaye, ukwenza njalo, kufuneka "ugcwalise izithuba", oko kukuthi, bhala ngokulandelelana ukuqulunqwa kwedatha efunekayo ukwenzela ukuba abaphandi bexesha elizayo bafumane incwadana yombuzo. Akhongxaki.
Ukwenza ucaphulo lwencwadi yomyalelo, uya kufuna:
- Igama lombhali. Kulindeleke ukuba le ncwadana ingasayinwa ngumntu othile, ngoko ke amagama emibutho, amaqumrhu karhulumente, amasebe, njl.njl avumelekile. Masithi umsebenzi wakho kukubhala igama lomntu onoxanduva lokusasaza le ncwadana.
- Umhla wokupapashwa: Kuya kufuneka uyazi inyanga kunye nonyaka le ncwadi yapapashwa ngayo.
Ngale datha uya kuba nakho ukwenza ucaphulo oluqhelekileyo "lombhali, umhla", oluqhele ukusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi ebhalwe phantsi kwezikhokelo ze-APA.
Amanyathelo okucaphula imanyuwali yokuxilongwa kwedijithali
Njengoko sele sikhankanyile, kukho iindidi ngeendidi zeencwadi. Kufuneka nje uqonde ukuba loluphi uhlobo eyakho. Ukuba yincwadana yedijithali yoxilongo, ezi ziidatha ekufuneka uziqokelele ukwenza iireferensi zakho:
- Umbhali: Qala ngegama lokugqibela lombhali ulandelwe yikoma kunye noonobumba bokuqala bamagama abo. Ukuba le ncwadana ayisayinwanga ngumbhali, kodwa ngumbutho, sebenzisa elo gama.
- Umhleli: ¿Quién editó la información? Si el autor y el editor son la misma persona (u organización), omite este elemento.
- Unyaka wokupapashwa: Ibhalwe kwizibiyeli ukuchonga ukuba kwakudala kangakanani le ncwadana ithi yavela ekukhanyeni.
- Igama lencwadana: Yibhale ngookekeleyo ulandelwe sisiphumlisi. Vula izibiyeli uze uqhubeke ubhala: Umthamo, uhlelo okanye ukhuphelo. Nayiphi na kwezi datha ilungile kuthi.
Doi okanye url. Ukuba yincwadana yedijithali, iqulethe i-DOI okanye i-Url. Yibhale ngokwemeko yakho kwaye ukuba inde kakhulu, sebenzisa i-DOI okanye isifinyezo se-URL ukwenza ulwazi lubonakale ngcono.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqeshwa kuya kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Apellido, Inicial del nombre del autor. (Editor). (Año de publicación). Nombre del manual (volumen, edición o ejemplar). DOI o URL.
Umzekelo omhle ngulo ulandelayo:
Umbutho wamazwe aseMelika (2021) iProtocol yonyango lwe-Covid-19. (uhlelo lwe-2). http://thisisjustanexample.com
Into ekufuneka uyazi
Nazi ezinye iingcebiso malunga nokucaphula iincwadana zedijithali:
Into yokuqala kukuba, nangona kunganyanzeliswanga, kungokwesitayela ukukhankanya igama lencwadana kunye nokuhlelwa kwayo kwisicatshulwa apho ucaphula khona. Ukuba sisihloko eside kakhulu, ungasifinyeza (ulumke kakhulu ukuba oko ubhalayo kuyahambelana), kodwa kuphela kwisicatshulwa. Iireferensi maziqulathe ulwazi oluchanekileyo. Kwenzeka into efanayo ukuba liqela lababhali.
Kwiimeko ezinje, umhla wokuqala oya kuwenza uya kufomathwa ngolu hlobo:
Ngokutsho koMbutho waMazwe aseMelika (2021) kwiProtocol yayo yonyango lwe-Covid-19 (uhlelo lwesi-2), kubalulekile ukuba (faka ibinzana okanye uhlalutye).
Kwimihlathi elandelayo ofuna ukubhekisela kuyo kwincwadana efanayo, unokwenza ucaphulo kwaye uvale ngefomathi (umbhali, umhla) okanye ukhankanye umbhali olandelwa yi-parenthesis yonyaka wokupapashwa. Umfundi uya kuqonda ukuba le yiposi efanayo okhankanywe ngaphambili.
Masicaphule incwadi yelabhoratri
Ukukhankanywa nje “kwencwadana yemigaqo yelabhoratri” kubonakala kusibuyisela emva kwiminyaka yesikolo apho sasisenza khona imifuniselo saza sabhala phantsi iziphumo kwiincwadi ezifomathiweyo. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba incwadi yaselabhoratri ingaphezulu koko.
Ngokutsho kwe-APA, incwadi yelabhoratri kufuneka iqulethe imithombo yolwazi, oko kukuthi, kungekhona imiyalelo kuphela kodwa umxholo obalulekileyo, kwaye umthombo wayo ngamnye kufuneka ukhankanywe kwaye ubhekiselele ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukucaphula incwadi yelabhoratri kuqhelekile xa sibhala amanqaku enzululwazi, njengoko ebonisa isikhokelo sendlela yokuqalisa umsebenzi wasendle, enika iimpendulo ezichanekileyo kwiingxaki esele zimiselwe kwaye alungise kakuhle imigaqo yomphandi oya kusebenzisa loo fomati njenge isiqalo sophando lwabo.. Ngandlel’ ithile, “kukubona ukuba kwenziwa njani kwaye ukusebenzise ngokwakho”, indlela ebalaseleyo yokufunda.
Ucatshulwa kolu hlobo lomthombo lwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Kufuneka uqale ngokubhala igama lombhali okanye lombutho okhuphe le ncwadana yemigaqo. Chwetheza ixesha kunye nesithuba.
- Qhubeka ubhala kwizibiyeli inyanga nonyaka wokupapashwa kwencwadana.
- Ngookekeleyo, bhala igama lencwadana. Vula enye i-parenthesis kwaye ubonise ukupapashwa okanye inombolo yevolumu yencwadana.
- Bhala isixeko apho le ncwadana ipapashwe khona ilandelwe yikholoni kunye neziko eliyipapashayo.
- Iphela ngekhonkco okanye i-doi apho incwadana yesayensi ifumaneka khona.
Njengoko kuchaziwe, le yifomathi ekufuneka uyilandele ukwenza ireferensi yakho:
Igama lombhali. (Unyaka). Isihloko sencwadana. (inombolo yopapasho). Isixeko: Umbutho. Ifunyenwe kwi-hppt://thisisjustanexample.com
Njengoko ubona, inkqubo ilula kakhulu, ngoko ke ukuba ufumana umxholo obalulekileyo kwincwadana kwaye uyoyika ukuyifaka kumsebenzi wakho ngenxa yokuba awukwazi ukuyichaza, ungakhathazeki. Nalu lonke ulwazi obudinga ukuyazi.