Imigangatho ye-APA okanye iimbekiselo, njengoko usenokuba uqaphele ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zinesakhiwo esithile kuhlobo ngalunye lwesicatshulwa, ireferensi, isihloko, iibhokisi ezichazayo, imifanekiso kunye nendlela obonisa ngayo umxholo ngokubanzi waso nasiphi na isicatshulwa sobunzululwazi okanye semfundo.
Kodwa kuba eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda ingumzekelo, endaweni yesikhokelo esikuxelela ukuba makwenziwe njani, ndiza kukunika imizekelo ebonakalayo yolona setyenziso luxhaphakileyo lunikwe kwiimbekiselo ze-APA kunikezelo lwemisebenzi ebhaliweyo. Ndiza kuhamba ngolandelelwano olunengqiqo oluvezwayo, ukuqala ngeqweqwe kunye nokuphela nge-bibliography okanye iireferensi, izalathi zegrafu kunye namanani kunye nezihlomelo, ukuze ube nomzekelo ocacileyo wokubonisana xa ufuna ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi. .
Iingcebiso ngokubanzi malunga nokunikezelwa kwemisebenzi ebhaliweyo
Ufanele ukwazi ukuba xa unikezela umsebenzi obhaliweyo kwaye ufuna ukuwenza phantsi kwemigangatho ye-APA okanye iimbekiselo, kukho iiparitha ezithile omele uzilandele ukuze uthobele ngokupheleleyo oko kufunwa ngumgangatho.
Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba iziko ofunda kulo libe bhetyebhetye ngakumbi ngokwemigaqo ethile, kulungile ukwazi izinto eziqhelekileyo zesiqhelo ukuze kube lula kuwe ukuba uziqhelanise kamva noko kufunwa liziko lakho. Ngale ndlela, ngokwemigangatho ye-APA, wonke umsebenzi obhaliweyo kufuneka:
- Ngenisa kwiphepha lobungakanani beleta (A4, 21cm x 27cm).
- Yonke imida iyafanangokohlelo olutsha lomgangatho. Eyangaphambili icinge ngomda ophindwe kabini kwicala lasekhohlo ngenxa yomba obophelelayo, kodwa ushicilelo olutsha lwabashiya bonke kwi-2.54cm, becinga ukuba ifomathi yedijithali isetyenziswa ngoku ngaphezu kwefomathi eprintiweyo.
- Uhlobo lwefonti olucetyiswayo yiTimes New Roman kubungakanani be-12.
- Izithuba phakathi komgca okanye izithuba kwisicatshulwa siphela kufuneka ziphindwe kabini (ngaphandle kokucaphula okubhaliweyo okukhulu kunamagama angama-40 esiya kukubona kamva).
- Yonke imihlathi mayizondezwe izithuba ezi-5 kumgca wokuqala (ngaphandle kweembekiselo zokulandelela apho izithuba zihamba kumgca wesibini, kodwa siza kuyibona kamva ngokweenkcukacha).
- Umbhalo mawusoloko ulungelelaniswa ngasekhohlo (ngaphandle kweqweqwe, elinombhalo osembindini).
Ngokubanzi, ezi zingcebiso kwimibhalo ekufuneka, ngokwemigangatho ye-APA, iqulathe:
- Iphepha langaphambili enesihloko soxwebhu, igama lombhali okanye lababhali, umhla, igama leziko, ikhondo lomsebenzi kunye nesifundo.
- Iphepha lenkcazo-ntetho: efana neqweqwe kodwa kwesi sixeko songezwa.
- Abstract apho unikezelo olufutshane loxwebhu lonke lwenziwa, kucetyiswa ukuba luqulathe kuphela phakathi kwama-600 kunye nama-900 oonobumba.
- Umxholo womsebenzi: Phantsi kwemithetho ethile yokucaphula okanye iimbekiselo ezenziweyo, akukho mda kwinani lamaphepha okanye inani lezahluko.
- IiReferensi: yonke imithombo ekhankanyiweyo, akufuneki ibhidaniswe noncwadi lweencwadi apho yonke imithombo ekujongwe kuyo ibandakanywe nokuba ayikhankanywanga okanye ingakhankanywanga kwisicatshulwa.
- Iphepha lemibhalo esemazantsi: zonke ezibandakanyiweyo emsebenzini, akukho mda kodwa kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe kuphela ezo ziyimfuneko ngokwenene.
- Isalathisi setafile.
- Isalathiso samanani.
- Izihlomelo okanye izihlomelo.
Indlela yokwenza isigqubuthelo ngokwemigangatho ye-APA?
Imigaqo yokwenza i-cover, ngokohlelo lwesithandathu lomgangatho ka-2009, yona leyo isasebenza, ibonisa ukuba imida mayibe yi-2.54cm kuwo onke macala omane ephepha, okubhaliweyo makubekwe embindini kunye nephepha. isihloko, ngenxa nje yokuba siqweqwe, zonke zibhalwe ngoonobumba abakhulu (kucetyiswa ukuba zingaqulathanga amagama angaphezu kwe-12).
Kumxholo ekufuneka i-inshorensi iquke:
- Isihloko somsebenzi: bonke oonobumba abakhulu, babekwe phezulu ephepheni.
- Umbhali okanye ababhali: ziya ngaphantsi kancinci kunombindi wephepha kwaye kuphela ngoonobumba bokuqala ababekwe ngoonobumba abakhulu.
- Umhla: Ukuba akukho mhla uchanekileyo, kuphela inyanga kunye nonyaka wokupapashwa koxwebhu kufuneka kufakwe. Ibekwe ngaphantsi nje kwegama lombhali okanye lababhali.
- Igama leziko: ibekwe njengaso nasiphi na isibizo esifanelekileyo, ngonobumba ngamnye ngoonobumba abakhulu, kwaye iya emazantsi ephepha, izithuba ezimbalwa ngaphantsi komhla.
- Carrera: Isebenza kumsebenzi oqhutywa kuhlobo lwezifundo, apha ikhondo leyunivesithi lifundwayo okanye idigri ebekwe kuyo, umzekelo: ubunjineli kwiinkqubo khankanya inkqubo okanye II ngonyaka wesayensi ukukhankanya ulawulo.
- Umxholo: oku kusebenza kuphela kwimeko yomsebenzi wezifundo, isifundo okanye umcimbi olungiselelwa uxwebhu.
Nali iqweqwe lombhalo wezifundo apho unokubona zonke ezi zinto:
Andizukwenza icandelo elahlukileyo lephepha lenkcazo-ntetho kuba kufuneka ndongeze loo nto luluqweqwe olufanayo kodwa ekugqibeleni, phantsi komxholo, ubeka isixeko kunye nelizwe apho uxwebhu lupapashwe khona.
Ukulungiswa kwesiShwankathelo okanye i-Abstract ngokwemigangatho ye-APA
Le nxalenye yesicatshulwa yenye yezinto ezihlala zishiywe ekugqibeleni kuba, njengoko igama layo libonisa, sisishwankathelo somxholo wopapasho lulonke. Ubunzima bokuyenza inokuba yinto yokuba kufuneka ishwankathele ngoonobumba abangama-900 kuphela (ubuninzi) umxholo wamaphepha angamakhulu apho umsebenzi wophando wonke unokuqulatha.
Imigaqo ethile yokwenziwa kwenkcazo-ntetho yile ilandelayo:
- Ayifakwanga kwisalathiso: Ngokutsho kwemigangatho ye-APA ibonisa, inombolo kufuneka ibekwe kwiphepha, kodwa ayifakwanga kwisalathisi.
- Kucetyiswa ukuba iqulathe uguqulelo olufutshane lwesihloko kwiheda ungadlulanga oonobumba abangama-50, lo mgca mawube kuwo onke amanqwanqwa kwaye ube ngaphezu kwegama isishwankathelo, ulungelelaniswe ngasekhohlo.
- Igama elithi abstract (okanye Abstract) malihambe kumgca ngokukhawuleza ongezantsi kwe-abstract yesihloko, ephakathi kunye nonobumba wokuqala ngoonobumba abakhulu.
- Isicatshulwa kufuneka sishwankathele iindawo ezintathu eziphambili zomsebenzi: icandelo lentshayelelo elibandakanya ingxelo yengxaki, ithisisi esembindini okanye uphando olwenziwayo, izigqibo okanye dissertations zokugqibela.
- Umgca wokuqala wesi sicatshulwa awujingi, kodwa ukuba uza kuqalisa umhlathi omtsha, kufuneka uwubandakanye, nangona kufanelekile ukuba ube ngumhlathi omnye.
- Wonke umbhalo kufuneka ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo, okt isikwere.
- Kufuneka kubekho umgca oqulethe amagama angundoqo ombhalo, ngoonobumba omncinci kwaye wahlulwe ngeekoma kunye nezithuba ezihlanu ekuqaleni, amagama kufuneka aqulethwe kwisicatshulwa.
- Kukho abo bakhetha ukubandakanya iinguqulelo zesiNgesi kunye neSpanish zesishwankathelo kwiphepha elifanayo, nangona kunjalo akukho sithintelo okanye isibophelelo ngokomgangatho malunga noku.
Nanku umzekelo wokuba isishwankathelo esilungiselelwe ngokwemigangatho ye-APA kufuneka sijongeke njani:
Imigaqo ngokubanzi yomxholo womsebenzi
kumxholo womsebenzi Kucetyiswa ukuba kufakwe izicatshulwa okanye izikhombisi zababhali ezixhasa uphando okanye iingqikelelo eziqwalaselwayo. Ngamnye kubo unendlela eyahlukileyo yokuzibonakalisa, sele ekwicandelo lokuqeshwa endikuchazile ukuba makwenziwe njani, apho ndikumema ukuba ubone imizekelo ekweli phepha njengesalathiso kwaye ngale ndlela siya kudlulela kwinto ethile. ekholisa ukuvelisa amathandabuzo amaninzi : ukucaciswa koluhlu lweencwadi kunye neereferensi.
Iireferensi kunye ne-bibliography: ziyafana?
Le yenye yeentandabuzo eziphambili ezivelayo xa kusenziwa olo luhlu lwababhali kunye neencwadi ezibekwe ekupheleni kwawo wonke umsebenzi wophando kwaye kulungile ukucacisa oku kulandelayo: azifani kakuhle uluhlu lwezalathiso maluqulathe kuphela iincwadi ezikhankanyiweyo kwisicatshulwa ngelixa Uluhlu lweencwadi luqulathe zonke iitekisi ekukhe kwajongwa kuzo ngexesha lophando, nokuba azikhankanywanga okanye zingakhankanywanga.
Ngaloo ndlela, umbhali makabandakanye zombini “izintlu” ekhumbula ukuba ubhalo zincwadi luza emva kweembekiselo, kuyo nayiphi na imeko zombini zibekwe ngendlela efanayo kwaye kungoko ukubhideka, oko kukuthi unikezelo ngokomgangatho lubonisa ukuba:
- Zifanele zicwangciswe ngolandelelwano lwealfabhethi, kungekhona ngokulandelelana kwazo kwisicatshulwa.
- Isithuba somgca esisetyenzisiweyo yi-1.5 kwaye ulungelelwaniso lune-indent yokulenga (kamva ndiya kuchaza indlela yokwenza kwi-Word).
- Kwiimbekiselo kufuneka kubekho zonke izicatshulwa ezikhankanyiweyo okanye ezikhankanyiweyo kwaye kuluhlu lweencwadi zonke eziye zaboniswa., akufuneki ushiye nayiphi na, nokuba ziyimithombo ye-elektroniki.
Nanku umzekelo wendlela iireferensi kunye nobhalografi ekufuneka zibukeke ngayo:
Ukwenza le fomati ye-indentation kwi-bibliography kulula kunokuba kubonakala, kwakhona IMicrosoft ikuvumela ukuba uyenze ngokuzenzekelayo enkosi kwizixhobo zeLizwi. Apha ndichaza inyathelo ngenyathelo indlela yokwenza.
Inyathelo ngenyathelo ukongeza i-ident ejingayo kwi-bibliography
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile Yenza konke okubhaliweyo kufomathwe njengoko kufunwa yi APA: Ifani yombhali, Igama lokuqala. (Unyaka wokupapashwa). Isihloko esipheleleyo sencwadi. Mzi: Mpapashi.
- Nje ukuba uludwe lwakho lonke lwababhali luhlelwe ngokwealfabhethi, ngaphandle kweembumbulu, njengemihlathi eqhelekileyo, ukhetha konke okubhaliweyo ofuna ukukulungisa:
2. Phezulu ubekwe kwithebhu Qala kwaye ujonge ezantsi apho ithi "Umhlathi”. Ukhulisa eli candelo ngokunqakraza kwikona yasekunene enotolo oluncinci ngaphakathi kwebhokisi.
3. Ibhokisi iya kuvula ukusetwa kweziqendu kwaye ngaphakathi kuyo kufuneka ujonge icandelo lesibini elibizwa ngokuba "yopha”. Kwicala lasekunene, imenyu eyehlayo ivela ebonisa "isangria ekhethekileyo”. Khetha ukhetho "isangria yesiFrentshi” kwaye ucofe iqhosha elithi “Ukwamkela”.
4. Okubhaliweyo kwakho kuya kuthatha ngokuzenzekelayo ifomathi oyifunayo ukunika isimbo se-APA kwiimbekiselo zakho:
Njengoko uza kubona, yinkqubo elula kakhulu engayi kukuthatha ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-2 ukuyenza, kodwa ukuba isebenze ngokuchanekileyo kunye neereferensi zakho kunye neencwadi zebhayibhilografi ukuba zilingane nawe, ndincoma. yiba nayo yonke inkcazelo yeencwadi eziodolwe ngendlela endikubonise ngayo ukuba ifanele yenziwe ngokohlobo lweAPA.
Ukuziqhelanisa okulungileyo kuya kuba njalo Njengoko ucaphula okanye ujonga iincwadi, zongeza kuluhlu lwakho lwemithombo yebhayografi kwiLizwi (Sele ndikucacisele ngaphambili ukuba wongeza njani umthombo omtsha webhayibhilografi), ngaloo ndlela ekugqibeleni kuya kufuneka ubongezele kwi-bibliography kuphela.
Iinxalenye zokugqibela zomsebenzi obhaliweyo
Emva kokuba ucacise iimbekiselo kunye noluhlu lweencwadi (khumbula ukuba lulandelelwano oluchanekileyo oluhamba ngalo) uya kubandakanya ezinye iindawo endizikhankanyileyo ekuqaleni: imibhalo esemazantsi, ifomathi yayo ilula kancinane kuba isithuba semigca emibini sigcinwa ngokulula njengakumbhalo uphela kwaye zibalwe ngokolandelelwano lwenkangeleko.
Kwisalathiso setafile kunye nesalathiso samanani (zimbini ezahlukeneyo kwaye kufuneka uhlukanise oku kumxholo) uya kubeka, ngokulandelelana kwazo kwimbonakalo kumxholo, zonke iitafile kunye nawo onke amanani owasebenzisayo.
Ifomathi evezwa ngayo ihlala ifana: iphindwe kabini kwaye ilungelelanisiweNgokumalunga nokubekwa kwezikhokelo (amachaphaza) ukusuka ekupheleni kwesicatshulwa ukuya kwinombolo yephepha, umgaqo awubonisi nantoni na ethile, ngoko ke yinto eshiywe kwingqiqo yombhali okanye iziko.
Kwakhona khumbula ukuba usebenzisa isixhobo seLizwi ukwenza amanani eetafile kunye namanani, ekugqibeleni unokongeza ngokulula isalathiso ngokuzenzekelayo. Zininzi izifundo zokufundisa kwi-intanethi malunga nokwenza izalathisi, kodwa ndincoma ukuba ujonge iphepha elisemthethweni leMicrosoft apho bachaza khona ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kwesixhobo.
Nantsi indlela izalathi ezimele zijongeke ngayo:
Izihlomelo nezihlomelo mazichongwe ngephepha elahlukileyo eliqulathe kuphela igama elithi izihlomelo embindini, onke ngoonobumba abakhulu kwaye kule meko kuvumelekile ukuba kusetyenziswe ubungakanani befonti enkulu ukuyenza ibukeke kakuhle. Khumbula ukuba la maphepha ayinxalenye yomxholo ngoko ke kufuneka afakwe iinombolo.
Imizobo kufuneka ichongwe, ifakwe iinombolo kwaye imvelaphi kufuneka icatshulwe apho bathathwe khona. Nanku umzekelo wendlela ekufuneka ibukeke ngayo izihlomelo:
Le yindlela yezinto eziphambili omele uzazi malunga nezikhombisi ze-APA, khumbula ukuba ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nomgangatho okanye ufumane incwadana esemthethweni ungaya kwiwebhusayithi ye-American Psychological Association apho ipapashwa khona okanye kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni. yemigangatho ye-APA: www.apastyle.org.
