IiReferensi ze-APA, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yiMigangatho ye-APA, zi umgangatho obekwe yi-American Psychological Association (I-American Psychological Association, i-APA yesifinyezo sayo ngesiNgesi) kwaye ichaza indlela apho ababhali kufuneka babonise amaphepha abo kunye namaxwebhu abhaliweyo ukuze bafezekise ukuqonda okukhulu.
Ekuqaleni, umgangatho wawungowopapasho lwalo mbutho kuphela, kodwa xa ukusebenza kwawo ekupheliseni izinto eziphazamisayo kunye nombutho kunye nokwakhiwa kweetekisi eziququzelela ukuqonda kwazo kwafunyanwa kwaye kwangqinwa, yaqala yamkelwa ngamanye amaziko de yafikelela kwinqanaba. apho sikhoyo namhlanje Yinto eqhelekileyo esemthethweni yonikezelo lwemisebenzi ebhaliweyo yobume benzululwazi kunye nezemfundo.
Yintoni i-APA Publication Manual?
Injalo loo nto iimbekiselo ze-APA eziye zathatha ukususela kuhlelo lwayo lokuqala ngo-1929, ukuba uthotho lopapasho lwenziwe olubonisa kubabhali "iindlela ezilungileyo" zokupapashwa kwezicatshulwa zabo, bethatha ithuba lezikhokelo ze Injalo loo nto iimbekiselo ze-APA eziye zathatha ukususela kuhlelo lwayo lokuqala ngo-1929, ukuba uthotho lopapasho lwenziwe olubonisa kubabhali "iindlela ezilungileyo" zokupapashwa kwezicatshulwa zabo, bethatha ithuba lezikhokelo ze Injalo loo nto iimbekiselo ze-APA eziye zathatha ukususela kuhlelo lwayo lokuqala ngo-1929, ukuba uthotho lopapasho lwenziwe olubonisa kubabhali "iindlela ezilungileyo" zokupapashwa kwezicatshulwa zabo, bethatha ithuba lezikhokelo ze
Injalo loo nto iimbekiselo ze-APA eziye zathatha ukususela kuhlelo lwayo lokuqala ngo-1929, ukuba uthotho lopapasho lwenziwe olubonisa kubabhali "iindlela ezilungileyo" zokupapashwa kwezicatshulwa zabo, bethatha ithuba lezikhokelo ze Injalo loo nto iimbekiselo ze-APA eziye zathatha ukususela kuhlelo lwayo lokuqala ngo-1929, ukuba uthotho lopapasho lwenziwe olubonisa kubabhali "iindlela ezilungileyo" zokupapashwa kwezicatshulwa zabo, bethatha ithuba lezikhokelo ze kunye nokuziqhelanisa neendlela ezintsha zokubonisa ulwazi oluhamba ngaphaya kweencwadi, njengoko kunjalo kwimeko yokulungelelaniswa komgangatho owenziweyo ukuze kufakwe iimbekiselo ezithathwe kwi-intanethi kwaye kamva imiyalelo yokucaphula izicatshulwa ezivela kwi-Wikipedia okanye kwi-dictionaries ye-intanethi.
Ushicilelo lweNcwadana
Nyaka ngamnye iiyunivesithi kunye namaziko emfundo ephakamileyo apapasha incwadi yawo yokufundisa ukulungiselela iiprojekthi zesidanga, ngokusekelwe kwimigangatho ye-APA, nangona kunjalo aziyoncwadi ye-APA ngokwayo, ihambelana kuphela nencwadana okanye imiyalelo elungiselelwe liziko ngomsebenzi owenziwe ngaphakathi. yona. Aba banokuphendula ikhulu leepesenti kwinto eboniswa yi-APA manual okanye banokuziqhelanisa kancinane kwezinye iinkalo ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ekwifom.
Incwadi yemigangatho ye-APA elungiselelwe yi-American Psychological Association ibiphantsi kohlengahlengiso kunye nohlengahlengiso ukusukela ukupapashwa kwayo okokuqala. ngo-1929, olona lwakutsha nje luhlelo lwesithandathu, lolo luka-2009, ekukholelwa ukuba lunokuba lulo oluqinisekileyo, kuba okwangoku azikho izinto ezingekacingisiswa kulo, malunga nokuba yintoni na. imithombo yolwazi kunye neendlela zokubhekisela kuzo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemigangatho ye-APA okanye iimbekiselo
Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni, imigangatho ye-APA yenziwa liqela leengcali zengqondo kwi-American Psychological Association ukuze iqonde ngcono izicatshulwa ezipapashwe leli ziko, kodwa zisebenza kwaye zichanekile, ziye zasasazeka kulo lonke ihlabathi. ingongoma namhlanje Naluphi na upapasho oluzibanga lubalulekile lufanele lulawulwe ziimbekiselo ze-APA luze lufakwe ngendlela elucebisa ngayo..
Nokuba umxholo wesayensi okanye umxholo wezifundo, yonke imisebenzi kufuneka ibe nesakhiwo se-APA, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwiimbekiselo zebhayibhilografi kunye nokucaphula kwababhali, ngaloo ndlela ukuphepha ukutyholwa ngokukopa ngokuthatha iinkcazo okanye iingqikelelo abanye abaye basebenza ngazo ngaphambili kwaye zisebenza njengezalathisi zekamva. izifundo.
Ukwenza umzekelo osisiseko: zonke iiyunivesiti zifuna ukuba iithisisi zesidanga zinikezelwe phantsi kwemigangatho ehlaziyiweyo ye-APA kwaye kukho ezinye ezide zibe noshicilelo lwazo lwemanyuwali abayisasaza minyaka le ukuze isebenze njengesikhokelo kubafundi bethisisi.
kwaye kukho ezinye ezide zibe noshicilelo lwazo lwemanyuwali abayisasaza minyaka le ukuze isebenze njengesikhokelo kubafundi bethisisi.
kwaye kukho ezinye ezide zibe noshicilelo lwazo lwemanyuwali abayisasaza minyaka le ukuze isebenze njengesikhokelo kubafundi bethisisi. kwaye kukho ezinye ezide zibe noshicilelo lwazo lwemanyuwali abayisasaza minyaka le ukuze isebenze njengesikhokelo kubafundi bethisisi. kwaye kukho ezinye ezide zibe noshicilelo lwazo lwemanyuwali abayisasaza minyaka le ukuze isebenze njengesikhokelo kubafundi bethisisi.
Apha ngezantsi kukho imizekelo yendlela yokusebenzisa isimbo sokubhala, ngokunjalo, kukho ifomathi ebonisiweyo yemida, amanani ephepha, uyilo lwekhava, izicatshulwa zangaphakathi kwisicatshulwa kunye neembekiselo zebhayibhulografi ekunokuthiwa zezona zibalulekileyo.
Apha ngezantsi kukho umzekelo wendlela ifomathi yephepha elingaphandle ifanele ukuba phantsi kwemigangatho esekwe ziimbekiselo ze-APA, ebonisa imida ethile ethile, indawo yesihloko kwanohlobo olucetyiswayo lwefonti kwakunye nobukhulu ekufanele ibe nalo kunye umgca phezulu.
Ezinye izinto eziqwalaselwayo malunga nemigangatho ye-APA osenokuba awuyazi
Ngaba ungomnye wabaninzi abaye bazibuza izinto ezinje ngokuba kutheni zibizwa ngokuba yimigangatho ye-APA? Ngubani owayilayo? Kutheni zisetyenziswa kulo lonke ihlabathi? Ziziphi iingenelo zokuzisebenzisa? Siza kuphendula eminye yale mibuzo ingezantsi.
- Bafumana igama labo kwi-acronym yesiNgesi ye American Psychological Association kuba zayilwa apho kwaye yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yimigangatho ye-APA.
- Imigangatho ye-APA ebuntwaneni babo bebengazimiselanga kuba yifomathi eqhelekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, babejonge kuphela ukuqonda okungcono kwemibhalo yenzululwazi epapashwe yi-American Psychological Association.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu basebenzisa ukugqamisa izihloko, nangona kunjalo izikhokelo ze-APA zibonisa ngenye indlela: Izihloko azikho ngqindilili kwaye kufuneka zibe nonobumba abancinane bonke, ngaphandle konobumba wokuqala ofanayo kwaye ukongezelela, akukhuthazwa ukuba babe namagama angaphezu kwe-12.
- Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomgangatho yi apastyle.org kwaye ifumana uhlaziyo rhoqo kunye nohlengahlengiso, ngokwesingqisho soluntu, efuna ukuba umgangatho usetyenziswe.
- Uguqulelo lwangaphambili lomgaqo lucebise ukuba isithuba esiphindwe kabini ukuya kwicala lasekhohlo (5cm) njengoko ithathele ingqalelo oko uninzi lweempapasho zenziwa ngendlela eshicilelweyo yaye lo mda wawunika ithuba lokufunda kakuhle, ukunika indawo eyaneleyo yokubopha.
- Eyona miba ibalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kwiimbekiselo ze-APA zezo zihambelana nendlela yokwenza izicatshulwa zombhalo ngaphakathi kokubhala kunye nendlela yokwenza iireferensi zebhayibhilografi ukuze kube lula ukuqonda.
Izinto ezilungileyo zokusebenzisa iireferensi ze-APA
- Xa usebenzisa iimbekiselo ze-APA, lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko lunikezelwa ngendlela eshwankathelweyo, ngaphandle kokuthabatha inkcazelo eyenza kube nzima ukuqonda ingcamango ofuna ukuyichaza. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufunda kunye nokuqonda izicatshulwa ofuna ukuzinikezela, ngokungafaniyo nezo zenziwe ngokulandela ezinye iindlela zokubhala okanye zingabikho kwaphela.
- Yenza lula kwaye iququzelele ukukhangela ulwazi lwenzululwazi, ukuvumela umphandi ukuba abe nemibono yakhe ngokulandelelana kwaye afumane lula iitekisi ezipapashiweyo kwaye zibhekiselele kwindawo yophando asebenza kuyo.
- Baququzelela ukuqonda kumfundi kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. malunga neziqulatho ezizezakhe umbhali okanye ezo azisebenzisayo ezihambelana nophando lwabanye ababhali, oko kwenza ukuba abo bazifundayo bakwazi ukuya kumthombo wokuqala kwaye bacaphule loo mbono okanye bandise ulwazi kancinci ngakumbi. .
- Ukusebenza koyilo lwekhava kwenza kube lula ukuchonga umbhali (okanye ababhali) ekulula ukuzifumana emva kwexesha kwaye kwakhona ubhekisele kuzo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezihloko kunye nemibhalo engezantsi ngendlela eyakhiweyo kusivumela ukuba sigcine umbono ocacileyo womxholo wehlabathi, ukwazi izinto ezifumaneka kwabanye.
Ukuqukumbela, nangona iimbekiselo ze-APA zingenziwanga ngenjongo yokusebenza njengomgangatho wazo zonke iintlobo zopapasho kuzo zombini iinkalo zenzululwazi nezemfundo, ukuba luncedo kokusetyenziswa kwazo kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni zifaneleke kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwempapasho namhlanje kwaye yamkelwe njengomlinganiselo wehlabathi jikelele wopapasho olubalulekileyo nolusemgangathweni.
