Ukuba ufunda ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuya kufuneka ukuba sele uyazi ukuba enye yeempawu eziphambili ezenza ukuba ifomathi ye-APA igqame kwezinye iindlela zokubhala kunye nolwakhiwo lwemisebenzi ebhaliweyo kanye yile: indlela yokucaphula ababhali kunye nokwenza iimbekiselo zebhayibhilografi.
Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu xa uza kubhala isicatshulwa sesayensi okanye sezemfundo kukuba unokuxhasa iingcamango zakho ngokusekelwe kwizimvo okanye uphando lwangaphambili olwenziwa ngabanye ababhali, nangona kunjalo, ukuba awuziniki iikhredithi kwisicatshulwa sakho unokuba uwela kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba kukukopa, okungekho nto ingaphaya "kokuba" izibhalo okanye iingcamango zabanye ababhali ngokuzisebenzisa kwimibhalo yakho ngaphandle kwemvume yabo kwaye uzinike ukuba ziqondwe njengezakho.
ndicinga ngale nto, Iimbekiselo ze-APA zinika uluhlu lwemithetho ethe ngqo malunga nendlela echanekileyo onokuthi ucaphule ngayo umbhali okanye ubhekisele kuphando lwakho kwizicatshulwa ozibhalayo.
Kukho indlela eyahlukileyo yokwenza kuhlobo ngalunye lwesicatshulwa olukhoyo: ucaphulo olufutshane oluthe ngqo, ucaphulo olude, iimbekiselo okanye izicatshulwa ezicatshulweyo, kodwa nasiphi na isimbo oza kusisebenzisa kufuneka sisoloko sikwincwadi yakho yombhalo, oko kukuthi, Uluhlu lweencwadi olulungiselelayo.
Loluphi ulwazi endiludingayo ukwenza ucaphulo okanye ireferensi yebhayibhulografi?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uyikhumbule le nto kwaye uyithathele ingqalelo ngalo lonke ixesha uza kucaphula umbhali: nanini na xa ucaphula umntu kwisicatshulwa sakho, loo ncwadi kunye nombhali kufuneka avele kwibhibliyografi yakho. Yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokwenza ngokwemigangatho ye-APA.
Kule nto uya kufuna ubuncinane ulwazi olulandelayo: umbhali okanye ababhali, igama lencwadi, unyaka wokupapashwa, umshicileli kunye nesixeko sokupapashwa. Ungongeza kwakhona idatha eyongezelelweyo njengenombolo yohlelo, iphepha, ilizwe apho yapapashwa khona kwaye ukuba incwadi inalo naluphi na uhlobo lwebhaso okanye ukuvunywa.
Makhe sibone imizekelo embalwa yendlela osenza ngayo isicatshulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwisicatshulwa, khumbula ukuba kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuyenza: ukuqala ngesicatshulwa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokubeka umbhali kunye nedatha yonyaka ekupheleni okanye ukuqala ngebinzana, umzekelo. : njengoko kubonisiwe "igama lombhali" kunye nonyaka kwizibiyeli kwaye emva koko wenza idinga lakho. Isalathiso kwi-bibliography iyafana kuzo zombini iimeko.
Ucaphulo olungaphakathi kwisicatshulwa oluqala ngegama lombhali (ifomati yezibiyeli):
Ukucaphula okubhaliweyo nombhali ekupheleni (ifomati esisiseko):
Ireferensi yencwadi ngaphakathi kwibhibliyografi:
Kubalulekile ukuba uyikhumbule loo nto Unokwenza kuphela olu hlobo lwesicatshulwa ngolu hlobo ukuba umxholo ungaphantsi kwamagama angama-40. Kwisicatshulwa esingaphezu kweli nani lamagama, kukho ifomathi eyahlukileyo: Kufuneka uyibeke kumhlathi owahlukileyo, ulungelelaniswe kumacala omabini, ngaphandle kwamanqaku okucaphula kunye negama lombhali ekupheleni, unyaka wokupapashwa kunye namaphepha. yencwadi ofumene kuyo iQuote. Ngoko:
Olu hlobo lokucaphula lukwabhekiselwe kuluhlu lweencwadi.
Ezi datha esisiseko xa isicatshulwa sisuka kwincwadi, kodwa siyazi ukuba namhlanje izicatshulwa ezininzi zenziwe kwi-intanethi, ngoko ukucaphula iiwebhusayithi uya kufuna ubuncinane: igama lombhali wesicatshulwa osicaphulayo, umhla wokupapashwa kwesicatshulwa, isihloko sephepha lewebhu kunye nechanekileyo. idilesi apho uthathe khona ulwazi (uyifumana ngokukopisha i-URL kwisikhangeli), kamva ndiya kukubonisa iifomati ezihambelana nohlobo ngalunye lokucaphula.
Ngaba zonke izicatshulwa endizithatha kwiwebhu ziyafana?
Akunjalo, kwaye oku kulungile ukucacisa.... . Kukho amaphepha ayi-encyclopedias enenyani okanye anokuthi athathelwe ingqalelo enjalo, umzekelo iWikipedia eyisayithi apho ufumana ulwazi malunga nayo nantoni na kwaye ke isetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku.
Kusenokufuneka ukuba ucaphule ingcaciso ethile uya kwisichazi-magama esikwi-intanethi kwaye ezi nazo zinendlela yazo yokucatshulwa kunye nereferensi.
Ulwazi ekufuneka uyenzile Iingcaphuno ezivela kwiWikipedia es: igama lenqaku, akukho mhla (kufuneka ubeke oku kwizibiyeli xa ubhekisa okanye ucaphula into ethile kwiWikipedia, khumbula ukuba yiencyclopedia enenyani ehlala ihlaziywa), beka ibinzana elithi “KwiWikipedia” kwaye emva koko umhla othe wafumana ngawo ulwazi kunye ne-URL echanekileyo apho uyithathe khona.
Nanku umzekelo omzobo ngakumbi wendlela esi sicatshulwa senziwe ngayo kwisicatshulwa kunye nereferensi elandelayo kuluhlu lweencwadi:
Isicatshulwa esingaphakathi:
Isalathiso kwi-bibliography:
Kwelakhe icala, Ucaphulo lwesichazi-magama se-intanethi lufana kakhulu nayo nayiphi na enye iwebhusayithi, kodwa ngokukodwa xa uhlelo lubonisiwe, ekubeni izichazi-magama, nokuba zikwi-intanethi, zineendidi ezahlukeneyo. Kwisicatshulwa, iRoyal Spanish Academy ibekwe nje kwaye unyaka wohlelo kuboniswane ngalo kwizibiyeli.
Apha ngezantsi kukho umzekelo kunye nesichazi-magama ngokugqwesileyo, eso seRoyal Academy yoLwimi lwaseSpanish kwinguqulelo yayo ye-intanethi, kufuneka wazi: umbhali (kule meko iRAE), unyaka, igama lesichazi-magama, uhlelo kunye ne-URL echanekileyo. yombuzo . Iya kujongeka ngolu hlobo:
Ukuba kubonakala kuwe ukuba konke oku kunzima kakhulu ukukhumbula, ndineendaba ezimnandi kuwe: umhleli wombhalo weMicrosoft Word ikuvumela ukuba wenze olu hlobo lokucaphula kunye neembekiselo zebhayibhilografi kwifomathi ye-APA ngendlela elula kakhulu kwaye ephantse ibe ngokuzenzekelayo, yibone ukuba yenza njani.
Inyathelo ngenyathelo ukufaka izicatshulwa kunye neereferensi zebhayibhilografi kwi-Word
Ifomati yereferensi ye-APA yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. kwaye uMicrosoft wacinga ngaloo nto kwaye wayefuna ukwenza ubomi bube lula kwabo benza iiprojekthi zabo zesidanga okanye izicatshulwa zabo zemfundo kunye nophando. Emva koko ndiya kuchaza inyathelo ngesinyathelo Uzenza njani ezakho iimbekiselo zebhayibhilografi kwiLizwi kwaye ke uzisebenzise kwizicatshulwa ozenzayo.
- Vula uxwebhu lwakho kwiLizwi kwaye uqale ukuchwetheza okubhaliweyo kwakho ngokwesiqhelo, xa ufika kwindawo ofuna ukufaka kuyo ucaphulo yiya kwi “Iimbekiselo” ifumaneka kwimenyu ephezulu.
- Kwinxalenye ebonisayo Isimbo qiniseka ukuba ikhethiwe INTONI Ewe, zikho nezinye izitayile.
- Khetha ukhetho faka isicatshulwa ukongeza isicatshulwa kwisicatshulwa osele usibhala.
- Ukuba awunazo iifonti ezongeziweyo kuxwebhu lwakho okwangoku, iya kukubonisa ukhetho lokuya yongeza umthombo omtsha. Ukukhetha apho kuya kuvula ibhokisi ukuze wenze umthombo webhayibhilografi wohlobo olufunayo. Phezulu ukhetha i uhlobo lomthombo webhayibhilografi enokuba yincwadi, imagazini, iphepha lewebhu, ukurekhoda kwesandi, imuvi, uxwebhu lwe-intanethi, ingxelo kunye nezinye iintlobo. Imihlaba ekufuneka uyigcwalise iya kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kukhetho olwenzileyo.
- Ugcwalisa onke amasimi kwaye ucofe ku "Ukwamkela”. Incwadi iya kongezwa ngokukhawuleza kwiimbekiselo zakho kwaye isicatshulwa siya kufakwa kwisicatshulwa osibhalayo.
- Kumphathi wefonti, laa fonti intsha ibhalisiweyo iyavela ngoku, kwindlela eya kubonwa ngayo kwisicatshulwa nakwizalathiso ekupheleni. Ukuyifakela kwakhona kumbhalo kuya kuba lula kakhulu kuba kufuneka ukhethe kuphela i-quote yokhetho lokufaka kwakhona kwaye ukhethe umthombo ukuze uvele kwisicatshulwa.
Ngale nkqubo ilula uya kuba sele uyile umthombo wakho kwaye kuya kuba lula kuwe ukuba uyicaphule kwisicatshulwa nangaliphi na ixesha, ngokunjalo. kuya kuba lula ukuyongeza kwi-bibliography ngefomathi yereferensi ye-APA echanekileyo.
