Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda indlela yokucaphula umgaqo kwi-apa? Fumana apha
Los amaxwebhu emigangatho yobugcisa asebenza njengesiseko somthetho kuso nasiphi na isakhelo sethiyori yophando kunye neeprojekthi zenzululwazi. Ewe, kufuneka ufunde kakuhle kakhulu indlela yokucaphula umthetho kwi-apa ukuze babe nesiphumo sokucaphula okusebenzayo kwesiphumo sokugqibela: dissertation yakho.
Ngapha koko, into yokugqibela umphandi ufuna ukuba iiyure zabo umsebenzi ukuya inkunkuma ngenxa hayi ngokufanelekileyo ucaphula reference. Ngokuchasene noko, siyazi ukuba umsebenzi ngamnye okhethiweyo njengenxalenye ye-bibliography ye-thesis yakho unesizathu, ngoko namhlanje sikufundisa indlela yokwenza izicatshulwa kunye neereferensi zebhayibhilografi zemigangatho yobugcisa.
Kodwa yintoni umgangatho wobugcisa?
Ngaba ukhe weva ngemigangatho ye-ISO? Mhlawumbi zezona migangatho yobugcisa eyaziwayo ehlabathini. Igama labo livela kwiziko elibadalayo: i Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wokuMisa (I-International Organisation for Standardization) kwaye, ezinjalo zaphuhliswa ngengcamango yokuba iinkampani ezizisebenzisayo ukufikelela kwimveliso yokugqibela yomgangatho kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Kodwa i-ISO ayikuphela kweziko eliyila (kunye nokuhlaziya) iimanyuwali zokumisela umgangatho. Kukho imibutho emininzi eyenza iincwadana zemigangatho yezobugcisa apho zibonisa iimeko ezincinci ukuba imveliso okanye inkonzo kufuneka iphumelele umgangatho kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo ngokuchanekileyo.
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba basebenzise, kuba iqela ngalinye (umbutho kunye nenkampani) ligqiba ukuzisebenzisa, ngaphandle kwaxa kufikwa kwimigaqo yokhuseleko, kuba akukho mntu ufuna ukubeka abasebenzi kunye nabathengi emngciphekweni.
Ayikokuqulunqwa kwemithetho eyakhiwe ngokungenamkhethe nokuba, kodwa ibhalwe emva kweminyaka yophando, uvavanyo lwangaphambili kunye neempazamo, ezijolise kwinkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe kunye nempilo yabo bonke abo babandakanyekayo kwiinkqubo zemveliso.
Yazi ukuba inkampani iyayithobela imimiselo yomgangatho wayo iqinisekisa indawo yayo kwimarike, kuba umthengi uyazi ukuba ujongene nezinto eziphathekayo kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba, I-ISO ayiloziko lodwa elilawula imigangatho yomgangatho emhlabeni jikelele. Nangona iqulethe imigangatho yemizi-mveliso eyahlukahlukeneyo, ikho neminye imibutho eyenza lo msebenzi. Kuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yelizwe ngokubanzi kunye nabaqeshi ukuba balandele imimiselo.
Iinkcukacha ezifana nezi zifanelekile xa uzama ukufumanisa indlela yokucaphula umgangatho kwi-apa, uqwalasela ukuba ukuqonda oko kulele ngaphaya kwesicatshulwa kukunceda ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nento obhala ngayo kwaye, akukho nto ingcono kunomphandi owaziyo imvelaphi nganye. uphando lwakho.
Ngoko ucaphula njani umgangatho kwi-apa?
Ukuba ukwinkqubo yokubhala ithisisi yakho okanye iphepha lophando kwaye udibana nencwadana yobugcisa yemigangatho, ungayicaphula kwaye wenze izingqinisiso ezilandelayo ngaphandle kwengxaki.
Kufuneka nje ube nale datha ilandelayo:
- Umbhali: ISO okanye nayiphi na enye inkampani eyiphuhlisileyo.
- Umhla: Yavela nini le mithetho?
- Isihloko: Igama ngqo lencwadana equlethe ulwazi esiludingayo.
- isazisi: Naluphi na ulwazi okanye inombolo enceda ekufumaneni umgangatho kwincwadana. Ukuba kuyenzeka, yongeza i-URL.
Ngokwefomathi eqhelekileyo, ireferensi iya kwenziwa ngolu hlobo:
Igama lombutho obhale umgangatho. (Unyaka). Isihloko somgaqo. (Inombolo eqhelekileyo okanye olunye uhlobo lwesazisi). ii-URLs.
Umzekelo omhle uya kuba:
Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe woLungiso. (2011). Isikhokelo seeNkqubo zoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo (ISO 14001). (Inombolo yoMthetho wama-206). https://www.thisisanexample.com
En el caso de la cita, solo basta con escribir entre paréntesis el nombre de la organización, seguida del año de su publicación. Ambos se separan con una coma. En ese caso, sería así:
Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wokuMisela (ISO, 2014) Kodwa kwakhona (I-International Organisation for Standardization [ISO], 2014).
Zombini ezi fomu ziyasebenza. Kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba igama elipheleleyo leziko libhalwa kuphela okokuqala ngqa likhankanywe kwi-dissertation. Emva koko, kwanele ukwenza isishunqulelo, ngolu hlobo:
(ISO, 2014) okanye ISO (2014).
Kule meko, i-ISO isetyenziswe njengomzekelo, kodwa ifomathi iyafana nayo nayiphi na enye imigangatho yomgangatho okhoyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso, kunye nokuxhaphazwa kwento eya kuthi kamva ibe yinkonzo yokusetyenziswa kobuninzi. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba inkampani nganye ilawulwa yimithetho ethile.
Musa ukubhideka
Impazamo eqhelekileyo kakhulu xa kuziwa ekucaphuleni umgangatho kwi-APA kukubhidanisa le migaqo kunye nemithetho kaRhulumente okanye ngokuchaseneyo.
Imithetho esekwe kwilizwe yahluke ngokupheleleyo kwaye, ke, iimbekiselo zahluke ngokupheleleyo. Kule meko zithathwa njengeembekiselo zomthetho kwaye izicatshulwa zinefomathi eyahlukileyo kunale sisanda kuyibona.
Ngoko ke, ukuba usezandleni zakho uMgaqo-siseko welizwe, ikhowudi yesizwe okanye nawuphi na ummiselo osemthethweni onokuthi usebenze njengenxalenye yesicwangciso-nkqubo sakho sethiyori, wuphonononge ngokulandela amanyathelo ahlukeneyo.
Ukuba uyathandabuza oku, phinda uhlole ngenyameko isicatshulwa oza kusicaphula. Unokuqonda ngokulula enoba ngumthetho welizwe elithile okanye luhlu lwemithetho esemgangathweni esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.
Ukungqamana okucacileyo
Imigangatho ye-APA ngokwayo yimithetho yomgangatho womgangatho oqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela (ithisisi, idigri okanye iprojekthi yophando) iya kuhambelana kwaye ilandele indlela yokunxibelelana.
Idalwe yi-American Psychological Association (APA), i isethi yemithetho ebeka emgangathweni amaphepha ophando. Ngale ndlela, ithisisi eyenziwe phantsi kwefomathi yayo inokuguqulwa kwaye yahlulwe kwihlabathi lonke kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ifomathi yayo iya kuhlala ifana.
Ke ukuba uyazibuza ukuba kutheni kufuneka ulinganise yonke i-intshi kumaphepha edissertation yakho, sebenzisa iifonti ezithile, kwaye wenze ucaphulo kunye neembekiselo zebhayibhulografi ngendlela engqongqo ngolo hlobo, nantsi impendulo: Imigangatho yeAPA iqinisekisa ukuchaneka. ukusetyenziswa ngobuninzi, kuba iya kuba ngumbhalo oza kunxibelelana ngokwawo.
Yiyo loo nto, ukuba uthatha ithisisi yangaphambili, wazi kakuhle ukuba ungalujonga phi ulwazi olunomdla kakhulu kuwe noluya kondla umsebenzi wakho wophando.