Makhe sithethe nge-apa 7th edition
Emva kweminyaka elishumi nohlaziyo olusexesheni, kodwa ngaphandle kotshintsho olubalulekileyo, i-American Psychological Association (APA) yaziswe ngo-Okthobha wama-2019 uhlelo lwayo lwamva nje lwencwadana yopapasho. Olu luba luhlelo lwe-7 apa yale ncwadi idumileyo efuna beka emgangathweni unikezelo lophando lwezenzululwazi.
Kwakungowama-2009 apho kwakhutshwa ushicilelo lwesithandathu lwale ncwadi. Ngelo xesha, utshintsho olunomdla lwaboniswa, njengethuba lokukhetha phakathi kopelo olubini ukubhala uphando; Isithuba semida esenza umboniso ube sisikwere esigqibeleleyo; isithuba somgca enezithuba ezibini (ngaphandle kwamanqaku ephepha) kunye nesikhumbuzo esisisigxina sokukhankanya nayiphi na ingcamango ngaphandle kwalowo womphandi.
Utshintsho kwi-apa yesi-7 nayo yayibalulekile kwaye umdlaNgoko lixesha lokuxoxa ngazo. Khumbula: umsebenzi wakho wesidanga, iprojekthi yophando okanye inkcazo yenzululwazi kufuneka ibhalwe ngokulandela imigangatho ehlaziyiweyo ehambelana namaxesha esiphila kuwo.
Ihlaziywe APA Manual
Anikwazi ukulifihla ilanga ngomnwe, batsho ngapha naseAPA bayayazi le nto. Ihlabathi liyatshintsha ngalo lonke ixesha, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba imigaqo efana nale itshintshe kwaye iqhelane nendlela esiphila ngayo.
Sizibuza, umzekelo, kweli xesha litsha lolwimi olubandakanyayo: singalusebenzisa okanye singalusebenzisi kuphando lwethu? Ukuba siphonononga isicatshulwa apho kusetyenziswe ulwimi olubandakanyayo, ngaba kufuneka siyiphawule nge-sic okanye ngaba ivumelekile?
Njengala mathandabuzo, itekhnoloji nganye eyambethe ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla imele umngeni kunye nethuba. Sikwixesha lolwazi olugqithisileyo, kuba imithombo yolwazi ekufumaneka kuyo yahluke kakhulu.
Iyavakala ukuba i-APA yenze utshintsho oluncinci ukubonisa ifomathi elungele ukufunda. Sele kudlule iminyaka elishumi ukususela kwinguqu yokugqibela kwaye kwelo shumi leminyaka, okuninzi kunokutshintsha kwaye kufuneka kuhlaziywe.
Olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwi-apa 7th edition
Kukho iinkalo ezintathu eziye zalungiswa kwi-apa 7th edition, okokugqibela sikubonile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Umgca wokuqala uhambelana nokoyikwa kakhulu izicatshulwa kunye neereferensi kwisicatshulwa.
- Indawo yomshicileli ayisabhalwa: De kwaba luhlelo lwesithandathu, xa sasisenza imbekiselo yeencwadi, sanyanzeleka ukuba sifune indawo yokushicilela loo mpapasho kuthethwa ngawo. Oku kwasala emva kohlaziyo lokugqibela lwe-apa.
- Umbulelo kubo bonke ababhali: Kuhlelo lwesithandathu lwemigangatho ye-apa, kuphela iifani kunye nee-inishiyali zababhali ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7 ezibekwe kuluhlu lwereferensi. Ngoku, inani linyuke laya kutsho kuma-20. Kubonakala ngathi kuyadika kwaye kugqithisile, kodwa khawufane ucinge ukuba ubhale incwadi kwaye awufumani ngqalelo kuba ungowesithoba kuluhlu…
- Ukucaphula kwisicatshulwa esihambelana nababhali abathathu okanye ngaphezulu, banokufinyezwa ngo-"et al". Ngaphambili, iifani zabo ngamnye kwakufuneka zikhankanyiwe, kodwa ngoku sikhomba kuphela eyokuqala.
- Ii-DOI ziyafana nee-URLs: Oku kuthetha ukuba akusafuneki ukubonakalisa ukuba yi-DOI kwireferensi.
- Akusekho kwakhona: kuba kuhlelo lwesithandathu ii-URLs zandulelwa yi “Retrieved from”. Oku akusasetyenziswa, ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko. Ngoku igama lephepha lewebhu libhaliwe kwaye izihloko zibhalwe ngookekeleyo.
Malunga nefomathi:
- Yeqweqwe: Kumaxwebhu omsebenzi, iphepha lesihloko alisasebenzisi isihloko esithi "Isihloko esifutshane:", kodwa endaweni yoko sibekwe ngokukhawuleza ecaleni kwenombolo yephepha. Ukongeza, oku kunokushiywa ngokwemiyalelo yomsebenzisi.
- Ifonti yokhetho: Olunye lolona tshintsho lunomdla ekufakweni kweeserigraph ezininzi njengomthombo wokubhala iphepha lophando. Kuze kube yinkqubo yokugqibela, kuphela i-Times New Roman kunye ne-Arial, zombini kwinqaku le-12, zivunyelwe, kodwa ngoku iCalibri 11, iGeorgia 11 kunye neLucida Sans Unicode 10 zibandakanyiwe. eyokuqala igcina ubungakanani bayo, ngelixa eyesibini ifanele isetyenziswe kwinqanaba le-11. Yeyiphi ekufuneka isetyenziswe ishiywe kwingqiqo yomphandi.
Malunga namanqanaba esihloko kunye nezihlokwana:
- Iinoveli zesihloko nezihlokwana 3, 4 no-5 zihlaziyiwe, oku ukuze zifundeke ngakumbi kubafundi bophando.
Ngaba kufuneka sisebenzise ifomathi ye-APA?
Kunokwenzeka ukuba ulindele ukuba apha ufuna ukuthi hayi kwaye siyayiqonda. Ukubhala uphando ngokugcina ifomathi ye-apa 7th edition kunokuba nzima kwaye kudinwe, kodwa inyaniso kukuba le mithetho inesizathu sokuba.
Kwimeko yokuqala, imalunga nokufana. Ngaphandle kweenkcukacha nganye kwezi ngongoma, umphandi ngamnye uya kubhala into ayifunayo, njengoko efuna. Umphandi wexesha elizayo kuya kufuneka ahlangane namakhulu eeprojekthi zedigri ezenziwe ngokukhawuleza, ezinamaphepha obungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye nemibala okanye oonobumba abangafundekiyo. I-APA ifuna kuphela ukuba yonke into ibe yinto esemgangathweni, ukuba ukufunda okulandelayo kube mnandi kwaye abaphandi bexesha elizayo banokondliwa ngulo msebenzi ngoku ushiya ngaphandle kwezikhonkwane.
Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo yileyo Ifomathi ye-APA inceda ukukhusela ilungelo lokushicilela. Oku kungenxa yokuba kufuna ukuba yonke ingcamango, igama, ingcamango okanye umsebenzi wabanye okhankanywe nkqu, uvele kwiimbekiselo. Oku kukhusela umsebenzi womntu ngamnye kwaye akukho mntu unokuwuthatha njengowakhe.
Ekugqibeleni, nawuphi na umbhali unokubhala imibhalo yakhe elandela imimiselo yohlelo lwe-apa, njengoko iyindlela enempumelelo kakhulu yokubonisa iingcamango nokulungelelanisa ulwazi. Nje ukuba unomzobo wengqondo wendlela yokwenza, uya kubona indlela iminwe yakho "ihamba yodwa" kwikhibhodi.
Khumbula, ukubhala iprojekthi yedigri kwi-apa 7th edition fomati kufuneka ulumke kakhulu, nikela ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha kwaye unqande nantoni na engaqatshelwanga. Yonke into ibalulekile, yonke into ibala enye sifuna ukuba uphulukane nolwazi lwakho oluxabisekileyo okanye ukubekwa phambili kophando lwakho ngokungawenzi kakuhle umsebenzi. Sukubanexhala. Xa ithisisi yakho, umsebenzi wesidanga okanye iprojekthi yophando ilungile kwaye isezandleni zakho, uya kubona ukuba yonke le nkqubo yayifanelekile.