Masifumanise ukuba isishunqulelo esithi s.f sisetyenziswa nini. APA
El formato de presentación de obras científicas de la American Psychological Association, eyaziwa ngokuba yimigangatho ye-APA (i-acronym ngesiNgesi yombutho: i-American Psychological Association) iqulethe uthotho lwezishunqulelo ezihlala zifundwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimisebenzi ebhalwe phantsi kwale migaqo kwaye iququzelela kakhulu ukufunda nokubhala. Isishunqulelo esiqhubekayo kwi-"s.f." I-APA kwaye namhlanje sichaza ukuba ithetha ukuthini kwaye ungayisebenzisa nini.
Ukusebenzisa kwi-s.f. apa kwinqaku elingabhalwanga
Sihlala sigxininisa indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukuba nazo zonke iinkcukacha zokudibanisa izicatshulwa kunye neereferensi zebhayibhilografi, kodwa siyazi ukuba akusoloko kusenzeka.
Nokuba ngaba umsebenzi ohlelwe kakuhle okanye ukuba, ngenxa yesizathu esithile, kuye kwagqitywa shiya ezinye iinkcukacha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuwazi umhla wokupapashwa komthombo othile.
Ukuba kunjalo, i “s.f” iza kuhlangula. Omawukwenze kukuqhubeka nereferensi eqhelekileyo okanye ifomathi yokucaphula kwaye, endaweni yokubhala unyaka wopapasho, sebenzisa isishunqulelo esithi “s.f.” endaweni yoko. Oku kuthetha "akukho mhla".
Khumbula ukuba ifomathi yeembekiselo zencwadi yile ilandelayo:
Ifani yombhali, Ukuqala kwegama lombhali. (Unyaka wokupapashwa komsebenzi). Igama lomsebenzi okekeleyo. Igama lompapashi.
Kwaye, ukuba awunawo umhla wokupapashwa, kuya kwenziwa ngolu hlobo:
Madison, H. (s.f.) Phantsi ukuya kumngxuma umvundla: adventures curious kunye neentsomi ezilumkisayo yangaphambili playboy bunny. Iincwadi zeDey Street.
Ukuba olunye ulwazi alukho
Ngelishwa, ukungabi nadatha yinto enokwenzeka kuwe ngezinye iinkcukacha, okanye nokuba, unokuswela ulwazi kwiidatha ezimbini okanye ezintathu.
Ukuba kunjalo, nantsi into omawuyenze:
Ukuba akunalo igama lombhali: Libuyisele endaweni yalo negama lesihloko.
Kuloo meko, ifomathi yereferensi iya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Isihloko ngookekeleyo. (Umhla) Umthombo.
Kwaye isicatshulwa siya kuba ngolu hlobo:
(Isihloko, Umhla).
Oku akufanele kudideke kunye nababhali abangaziwayo, olunye udidi. Kusenokubakho imisebenzi esayinwe ngumbhali "ongaziwayo" ekufuneka ikhankanywe kwaye ibhekiselele ngokubhala "ongaziwayo" egameni lombhali.
Ireferensi ingavela kumbhali ongaziwayo iya kuba ngolu hlobo:
Anónimo. (2015) Down to the rabbit hole: curious adventures and cautionary tales of a former playboy bunny. Dey Street Books.
Kwaye isicatshulwa siya kwenziwa ngolu hlobo:
(Ongaziwayo, ngo-2015).
Ukuba awunayo isihloko
Nangona ingaxhaphakanga kakhulu, kuyenzeka ukuba ungabi naso isihloko somsebenzi. Ukuba le yimeko yakho, nayo inesisombululo. Kufuneka unikeze kuphela inkcazo yoxwebhu kwizibiyeli ezisikwere endaweni yesihloko. Kwakhona bhala umthombo, ngaphandle kwezibiyeli.
Ngaphantsi kolu hlobo, ireferensi iya kwenziwa ngolu hlobo:
Umbhali. (Umhla). [Inkcazo yoxwebhu]. Ifonti.
Kwaye iingcaphuno ziya kwenziwa ngolu hlobo:
(Umbhali, Umhla)
Kwimeko apho idatha ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zilahlekile
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba awunalo igama lombhali kunye nomhla wokupapashwa. Kubonakala ngathi ihlaya, kodwa ewe, kukho iimeko zolu hlobo kwaye kubo, isisombululo esinikezwa yimigangatho ye-APA.
Kungumbandela wokudibanisa oku kungasentla, kufakwe umbhali endaweni yesihloko somsebenzi (ngoonobumba abakekeleyo) nokubhala "s.f." ngomhla. Umthombo nawo kufuneka uxelwe.
Ubume besalathiso buhamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Isihloko ngookekeleyo. (s.f.) Umthombo.
Kwaye iingcaphuno ziya kwenziwa ngolu hlobo:
(isihloko, s.f.)
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awunalo ezandleni zakho igama lombhali kunye nesihloko somsebenzi? Xa kunjalo, kufuneka endaweni yombhali ngenkcazo yomsebenzi (kwizibiyeli zesikwere), ilandelwa ngumhla kunye nomthombo. Nantsi indlela ireferensi eya kwenziwa ngayo:
[Inkcazo yomsebenzi]. (Umhla). Ifonti.
Kwaye isicatshulwa siya kuba:
([Inkcazo yomsebenzi], Umhla).
Ukuba awuphoswanga umhla wokupapashwa kunye nesihloko somsebenzi, yongeza umbhali, gcwalisa umgca "wonyaka" nge "s.f", chaza umsebenzi kwizibiyeli, kwaye uchaze umthombo.
Ngaphantsi kwale fomati, izicatshulwa ziya kujongeka ngolu hlobo:
Umbhali. (s.f.). [Inkcazo yomsebenzi]. Ifonti.
Kwaye isicatshulwa siya kujongeka ngolu hlobo:
(Umbhali, s.f.)
Kwaye xa ungenayo umbhali, umhla kunye nesihloko, hayi, akufuneki ulahle umthombo kwinkunkuma, kodwa bhala inkcazo yomsebenzi endaweni yombhali (oku kwizibiyeli zesikwere), beka "s.f." ngomhla kwaye unike umthombo. Ngoko:
[Inkcazo yomsebenzi]. (s.f.). Ifonti.
Ukuba iimbekiselo kunye nokucaphula kuya kwenziwa phantsi kwale fomati:
([Inkcazelo yomsebenzi]”, s.f.)
Ingcebiso
Kodwa, ukuba ulahlekile idatha malunga nencwadi, kucetyiswa ukuba uye kwi-isbn.cloud, ikhathalogu yobhaliso lweencwadi. Masithi eli linyathelo lokugqibela ekuzameni ukufikelela kwidatha engekhoyo. Ukuba awuzifumani apho, awuzi kuzifumana ndawo.
Zama eli nyathelo. Kungcono ukuba unikezele ngolwazi olupheleleyo kwiingcaphulo zakho kunye neembekiselo, kungekhona into enesiqingatha, nokuba yinto ephuma ezandleni zakho.
Ezinye izishunqulelo
Kodwa "s.f." ayisosishunqulelo sodwa esamkelwe yi-APA. Apha sikhankanya ezinye izishunqulelo eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwii-dissertations, iiprojekthi zesidanga kunye namanqaku enzululwazi abhalwe phantsi kwale fomati idumileyo:
- ikepusi: isahluko.
- Uhlelo.
- ed. rev.: uhlelo oluhlaziyiweyo.
- Uhlelo lwesibini: Uhlelo lwesibini.
- U-Ed. (Abahleli.): Umhleli (Abahleli).
- Trad: Um(abaguquleli).
- p. (iphe.): iphepha (amaphepha).
- Umqulu.: Imiqulu.
- imiqulu.: imiqulu
- Inombolo.
- Inxalenye.
- ulwazi Ubuchwephesha: Ingxelo yobuGcisa.
- Isongezelelo: Isongezelelo.
Ezi zishunqulelo kufuneka ibhalwe kwakhona kolu luhlu, ukunyamekela ukuba kubhalwe ngoonobumba abakhulu okanye abancinane, izithuba okanye hayi, amaxesha okanye hayi. Kungenjalo, isishunqulelo siya kuthathwa "njengengalunganga".
Ukubhala ngefomathi ye-APA kunokubonakala kuyindinisa, kodwa kufanelekile. Ayigcini nje ngokusibonisa ulwazi olucwangcisiweyo nolucwangcisiweyo, kodwa ikwanenzululwazi engqongqo. Iphepha elenziwe (lenziwe kakuhle, ngokuqinisekileyo) phantsi kwefomathi ye-APA libonisa umphandi othathe ixesha lokwenza izinto ngokufanelekileyo kwaye abhale uphando olubanzi nolufanelekileyo.