Uyenza njani iAPA paraphrase
Ngaphandle kwemithetho ye I-American Psychological Association (APA) Zijoliswe ekulawuleni umba ngamnye wokwenziwa kophando lwezenzululwazi, imisebenzi yesidanga, iidissertations, izincoko nezinye ezifana nezi, izicatshulwa zizinto ezibonakala zinika umsebenzi omninzi kwabo bakwinkqubo yokubhala. Zenziwa njani? Yeyiphi imiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthombo? Uyenza njani isicatshulwa esingaphakathi kwi-APA?
Ngoko masiqale ekuqaleni. Into yokuqala omele uyazi kukuba ukucaphula kunye ne-bibliographic reference aziyonto inye, kodwa zihlala ziphathwa kunye, kuba enye ayinakho ukubakho ngaphandle kwenye: into nganye oyicaphulayo kufuneka yongezwe kwiimbekiselo zakho. Ngaphandle koko, idinga lakho aliyi kusebenza. Ngoba? Kuba akuncedi nganto ukuba umphandi wexesha elizayo (oya kufunda umsebenzi wakho) afunde isicatshulwa esilungileyo kumsebenzi wakho wesidanga ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kulwazi olupheleleyo, onokulufumana kwiimbekiselo zakho zebhayibhilografi.
Ukukhumbula oku, kukho enye inqaku ekufuneka uyiqonde: ziimbekiselo zebhayibhilografi eziguqukayo; ukuqeshwa kuya kuhlala kusenziwa phantsi kwefomathi efanayo. Ngaloo nto sithetha ukuba, ngalo lonke ixesha sikhankanya ukuba kufuneka uqaphele iinkcukacha, sibhekisela kwezo datha eziza kwenza i-bibliographic reference. Ucaphulo, nokuba luvela phi na ulwazi, luya kuhlala luqulathe ulwazi olufanayo.
Makhe sithethe ngesicatshulwa esingaphakathi kwi-APA
Emva kokuba uzicacisile zombini ezi ngongoma, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokucaphula ngokuthe ngqo. Kwaziwa njenge ukucaphula ngqo, son aquellas en las que el investigador replica palabra por palabra la frase de otro autor.
Iingcaphuno ezichanekileyo zifanelekile kwiimeko apho umbhali athethe into engafanelekanga ngenene ukuyichaza, pues destruiría el contexto y la fuerza de la frase. También cuando quieras reproducir exactamente un concepto sin temor a equivocarte.
Noko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe amabinzana amabinzana (iingcaphulo ezingangqalanga), ekubeni ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwezicatshulwa kunokugqalwa njengophawu lobuvila, ukuqonda okuncinane kombandela, kwanendlela yokwandisa isicatshulwa. Yiloo nto abanye ootitshala banciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwinani lamaphepha ambalwa. Ukuhlaziya kuya kuhlala kungcono kuba uya kubonisa ukuba uyawuqonda umxholo oveziweyo.
Izicatshulwa ezingaphakathi kokubhaliweyo ziya kuhlala zinemiba emithathu: igama lokugqibela lombhali wesicatshulwa, unyaka eyapapashwa ngawo kunye nenani lephepha apho ikhoyo. Eminye idatha inokubonwa kwiimbekiselo zebhayibhilografi.
Iingcaphuno ezimfutshane ezikumbhalo
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokucaphula ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukucaphula ngokuthe ngqo kwi-APA: ezimfutshane nezinde. Iingcaphulo zombhalo omfutshane zezo apho ngaphantsi kwamagama angama-40 aphinda aphinda avela, kanye njengomthombo wangaphambili. Zifakwe kumanqaku okucaphula.
Ngokulandelayo, izicatshulwa ezimfutshane zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu: izicaphulo ezibalisayo, izicatshulwa ezikubazali, kunye nezo zibekwe ekupheleni kwesivakalisi.
Izicatshulwa ezibalisayo zigxininisa umbhali, kuba nabani na othetha eli binzana unobunzulu obungakumbi kunabo bonke. Ngokomzekelo, khawufane ucinge ukuba uthetha nge-cinema kwaye unayo ngaphambi kokuba ucaphule kuMartin Scorsese. Ngokucacileyo, igama lakho liya kugqama.
Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uqale ngesivakalisi sentshayelelo, uqhubeke nefani yombhali, emva koko unyaka wokupapashwa kwizibiyeli kwaye uqhubeke nokucaphula. Phelisa ngenombolo yephepha, kwakhona kwizibiyeli.
Okanye nokuba ujongene nomsebenzi wesibini kunye nesicatshulwa sokucaphula kwimisebenzi emininzi. Kule meko, isicatshulwa siya kwenziwa ngolu hlobo:
A pesar de ser películas muy taquilleras, Scorsese (2020) comenta que “eso no es cine de seres humanos intentando expresar experiencias emocionales y físicas de otro ser humano” (p.85), lo que causó controversia para las maquinarias dedicadas a esta industria.
Isicatshulwa kufuneka sihlale sinengqiqo, ngoko fumana indlela yokuyibhala ukuze kube lula ukuyifunda.
Kukwakho ukucatshulwa kwizibiyeli. Bagxininisa isicatshulwa ngokwaso. Ngokomzekelo, makhe sicinge ukuba oku ngasentla akuzange kuthethwe nguScorsese, kodwa nguAndersen, umlawuli wekhaya wenza iifilimu ezimfutshane. Kule meko, isicatshulwa siya kwenziwa ngolu hlobo:
Iifilimu ze-Superhero ziye zabiwa i-ofisi yebhokisi kwiminyaka yamuva kodwa kukho abo baqinisekisayo ukuba "oku akusiyo i-cinema yabantu, bazama ukuvakalisa amava eemvakalelo kunye nomzimba womnye umntu", (Andersen, 2020, p.85) nto leyo ebonisa ukuba indlela kaMarvel yempumelelo ayinanto yakwenza nemvelaphi yabalinganiswa.
Ukuba izicatshulwa zenziwe ekupheleni kwesivakalisi, akukho nkcazo yongezelelweyo iyimfuneko. Ukubeka uphawu (umbhali, unyaka kunye nephepha) kwizibiyeli ekupheleni kwanele.
Ukucaphula okude kumbhalo
Y, kuthekani ukuba eso sicatshulwa ufuna ukusiphindaphinda sinamagama angaphezu kwama-40? Emva koko kufuneka wenze ucaphulo lwelizwi kwi-apa ende.
Ezi bloko zomxholo zibekwe kumhlathi ohlukeneyo kwaye ngaphandle kweengcaphuno. Njengakwiingcaphulo ezimfutshane, kuyimfuneko ukuba nesivakalisi esiyintshayelelo (okanye umhlathi, kuqwalaselwe imeko), qhubeka nesicatshulwa uze uphele ngomnye umhlathi njengesiphelo.
Ucaphulo kufuneka luhlelelwe ubuncinane isiqingatha se-intshi ukusuka kumda wasekhohlo kwaye luphindwe kabini kwaye kufuneka luphele ngesibiyeli apho uya kubandakanya ifani yombhali, unyaka wokupapashwa komthombo apho ulwazi luvela khona kunye nenombolo yephepha. ungayifumana. Ukuba isicatshulwa esivulayo sichaza umbhali okanye umhla wokupapashwa kwesicatshulwa, zishiye.
iifonti ezineempazamo
Kuthekani ukuba eso sivakalisi soqobo ufuna ukusicaphula sinopelo olugwenxa? Le yinto enokwenzeka ongenakuyoyisa ngokungayihoyi okanye ngokutshintsha nje okubhaliweyo kube ngendlela ebekufanele ukuba ngayo.
Ukuba udibana nemeko enjalo, kuya kufuneka ufake igama elithi "sic" kwizibiyeli kunye namanqaku ocaphulo kanye emva kwempazamo kwisicatshulwa. Ngale ndlela ubonisa ukuba uyazi ukuba kukho impazamo, kodwa ayinanto yakwenza nawe, kodwa ngombhali wokuqala okanye nabani na ohlele ulwazi.
Ukwenza izicatshulwa zombhalo kuya kuhlala kuyeyona ndlela ichanekileyo kwaye ilula xa ubhala iprojekthi yesidanga, kodwa sincoma ukuba ungayihoyi. Bonisa ukuba usiqonda kakuhle isihloko obhala ngaso kwaye wetyise isicaphulo ngasinye ngokusijika sibe sisishwankathelo, ewe, ukunika uzuko olumfaneleyo umbhali walo wokuqala.