Kodi simukudziwa momwe mungatchulire PDF mu apa? Apa tikukufotokozerani
The Portable Document Format (PDF) Ndi imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zopezera zidziwitso pa intaneti, chifukwa ndi njira yotsimikizika yopewera zolembedwa zosiyana ndi zofuna za olemba. Chikalata cha pdf sichidzataya mawonekedwe ake, monga momwe chikalata china chilichonse chotseguka chidzatero, chifukwa chake chimakhala ngati chiwongolero pakufufuza kwasayansi ndi malingaliro. Ngati muli ndi chikalata chamtunduwu chomwe chili ndi chidziwitso chofunikira chomwe simungasiye kubwereza, lero tikuwululirani momwe mungatchulire pdf mu apa.
Chinthu choyamba muyenera kudziwa ndi mawonekedwe a APA nkapena lingalirani njira inayake yamomwe mungatchulire zolemba za PDF. Poganizira izi, ndi udindo wanu kuzindikira mtundu wa gwero lomwe lili muzolembazo. Ndi buku? Kodi ndi magazini? Kodi mukuyang'anizana ndi kabuku? Kodi ndi chidule cha zofalitsa pa netiweki? Kuzindikira sikuyenera kukhala kovuta konse: muyenera kungoyang'ana chikalatacho bwino kwambiri ndipo, ngati sikophweka kuti mupeze yankho, mutha kupita ku "San Google", ndiko kuti, lembani mutuwo kapena zina. tsatanetsatane wa nkhani yomwe mukufuna kutchula ndipo, zowonadi, mupeza zambiri pamaneti.
Bwanji ngati sindingathe kugawa PDF yanga?
Ngati mutafufuza mozama simudziwabe kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa chikalata cha PDF chomwe mumachikonda kwambiri chimachokera, musaganize kuti mudzachinyalanyaza. Chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ndichakuti muziyika m'magulu omwe akuwoneka kuti akugwirizana ndi zomwe muli nazo pamaso panu. Nthawi zambiri, gululi limachitika ngati tsamba lawebusayiti.
Momwe mungatchulire PDF pachikuto cha buku?
Okonda mabuku amadziwa zimenezo ukonde ladzaza ndi mabuku amtundu wa PDF. Nthawi zambiri ndi piracy yonyansa, ngakhale imakhalanso mpumulo pankhani ya ntchito zomwe, pazifukwa zina, sizinafike (ndipo mwina sizifika) mashelefu a dziko lina.
Monga tafotokozera, mawuwa amapangidwa ngati kuti ndi bukhu lakuthupi ndi kusiyana komwe muyenera kutseka zofotokozera ndi URL ya DOI ya ntchitoyo.
Zikatero, mudzafunikanso dzina la wolemba, chaka chimene ntchitoyo inasindikizidwa, mutu wa bukhulo, ndi amene amafalitsa. Chitsanzo chabwino cholozera chingakhale:
Monaco, G. (1988). Chimwemwe chili mumvula. Eastern University. http://www.this-is-an-example.pdf
Kutchulidwa m'malemba kumachitidwanso mwachizolowezi: kuyika dzina lomaliza la wolemba m'mabungwe akutsatiridwa ndi koma ndi chaka chofalitsa ntchitoyo. Chifukwa chake, mawuwo angakhale: (Monaco, 2003).
Magazini mu PDF
Masiku ano, intaneti ili ndi zofalitsa zapadera zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zifalitse bwino chifukwa, nthawi zambiri, zimagulitsa msika wapadera kotero kuti sikoyenera kuzisindikiza pamapepala.
Nthawi zina, tikuchita ndi zofalitsa zokhala ndi magazini odziwika kwambiri pakompyuta, koma omwe amagawidwanso mumtundu wa PDF kuti afike kumalo ambiri kapena kuti kusamutsa kwawo kukhale kosavuta.
Mukapeza magazini yamtundu wa PDF, muyenera kuyang'ana dzina ndi surname ya wolemba nkhaniyo, chaka chomwe magaziniyo idasindikizidwa, mutu wankhaniyo, dzina la magaziniyo, voliyumu ndi kusindikiza, nambala. pamasamba omwe nkhaniyo ili ndi tsamba lomwe idachokera.
Chitsanzo chabwino chingakhale:
Jagger, M and Richards K. (2015) Rock ikupitiriza kusintha. Rolling Stone. 1004(1), 30-38. http://this.is.an.example
Kutchulako kukanakhala kosavuta kwambiri, chifukwa kumangotchula dzina (kapena mayina) a olemba m'mabulano ndi kutsatiridwa ndi koma, kuwonjezera pa chaka chosindikizidwa.
Tchulani thesis
Ndizofala kwambiri kupeza malaibulale omwe ali ndi malingaliro ena mumtundu wa PDF. Ndi chinthu chomveka bwino, chifukwa mfundozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zobwereza zochepa (pokhapokha ngati zili opambana), ndipo kutalika kwake kumapangitsanso kuti zikhale zovuta kuzisintha.
Mwamwayi, pali zolemba za PDF zomwe zili ndi zonse zofunikira komanso zomwe titha kunena popanda zovuta. Pachifukwa ichi m'pofunika kuti mulembe dzina la wolemba, chaka chofalitsidwa cha thesis, mutu wake, dzina la yunivesite yomwe kafukufukuyo adachitikira, dzina la fayilo ndi URL komwe tingathe. pezani izo.
Chitsanzo chabwino cha zolemba za thesis ndi izi:
Rodriguez, B. (1996). Kufunika kwa nyimbo pakukula kwa chidziwitso cha khanda: Zaka zoyambirira za moyo. [Nkhaniyi kuti mupeze mutu wa Child Psychologist. Yunivesite ya Mexico]. Nyimbo ndi Ana. https://this.is.an.example.edu
Kutchula pdf mu apa ya thesis ndikosavuta kwambiri: mumangofunika dzina lomaliza la wolemba thesis ndi chaka chake chosindikizidwa, zonse zolekanitsidwa ndi koma ndikutsekeredwa m'makolo.
mawonekedwe osayenera
Monga momwe mwadziwira, kunena mawonekedwe a ntchito (PDF, pakadali pano) sikofunikira pazowunikira, chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri ndi tchulani gwero lalikulu la izo. Nkokondweretsa kudziŵa, mwachitsanzo, kuti mawuwo anatengedwa m’magazini ena; osati momwe zinakwaniritsidwira. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane izi, pokhapokha ngati ndi tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe limapereka zambiri munkhani yoperekedwa mumtundu wa PDF.
Ma PDF achinsinsi
Muyenera kutchula pdf mu apa yomwe ili yachinsinsi, mwachitsanzo, chidule kapena zolemba zina zokonzedwa ndi pulofesa kwa ophunzira ake okha. Ngakhale kuti PDF sayenera kukhala m'manja mwa anthu ena, zikuoneka kuti wophunzira wina zidakwezedwa kwa maukonde pazifukwa zina, kotero inu mukhoza kutchula ntchito popanda mavuto, koma kutsatira mawonekedwe a mawu a munthu kulankhulana.
Monga mukuwonera, chinthu chokhacho "chonyenga" pazolemba izi ndikuzindikira gwero lalikulu lachikalatacho. Mfundoyi ikatsimikiziridwa, chotsatira ndicho kupanga maumboni monga mwachizolowezi.
Kumbukirani kuti ngati mukuvutikira kupanga zolemba, Mu ukonde mutha kupeza mapulogalamu omwe amakugwirirani ntchito: muyenera kungolowetsa zomwe zimakufunsani (zomwe ndizomwe mawuwo amafunikira) ndipo ndizomwezo: mudzakhala ndi zolemba zanu zokonzekera kukhala gawo la kafukufuku wanu. Miyezo ya APA sizovuta. Mukawadziwa, mutha kulemba dissertation yanu ndi maso otseka.