Miyezo ya APA kapena maumboni, monga momwe mwawonera mpaka pano, ali ndi dongosolo lapadera la mtundu uliwonse wa zolemba, zolemba, mutu, mabokosi ofotokozera, zithunzi komanso momwe mumaperekera zomwe zili mumtundu uliwonse wasayansi kapena maphunziro.
Koma popeza njira yabwino yophunzirira ndi chitsanzo, osati chitsogozo chomwe chimakuuzani momwe mungachitire, ndikupatsani zina. Zitsanzo zenizeni zazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa ku maumboni a APA powonetsa zolemba zolembedwa. Ndipita mu dongosolo lomveka bwino lomwe afotokozedwera, kuyambira pachikuto ndi kutha ndi bukhu lolemba kapena maumboni, ma index a ma graph ndi ziwerengero ndi zowonjezera, kuti mukhale ndi chitsanzo chomveka bwino chomwe mungayang'ane pamene mukufuna kugwira ntchito iliyonse. .
Malingaliro anthawi zonse owonetsera ntchito zolembedwa
Muyenera kudziwa kuti mukapereka ntchito yolembedwa ndipo mukufuna kuichita pansi pamiyezo kapena maumboni a APA, pali magawo ena omwe muyenera kutsatira kuti mugwirizane ndi zomwe mulingo umafuna.
Ngakhale ndizotheka kuti sukulu yomwe mukuphunzirayo imakhala yosinthika pang'ono malinga ndi malamulo ena, ndikwabwino kudziwa zanthawi zonse kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti muzitha kuzisintha pambuyo pake kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe bungwe lanu likufuna. Mwanjira iyi, malinga ndi miyezo ya APA, ntchito zonse zolembedwa ziyenera:
- Tumizani pamapepala akulu akulu (A4, 21cm x 27cm).
- Mitsinje yonse ndi yofananamolingana ndi kusindikiza kwatsopano kwa muyezo. Yapitayi inkaganizira malire awiri kumanzere chifukwa cha nkhani yomangiriza, koma kope latsopanolo linawasiya onse pa 2.54cm, poganizira kuti mawonekedwe a digito akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuposa mawonekedwe osindikizidwa.
- Mitundu yovomerezeka ya zilembo ndi Times New Roman mu kukula 12.
- Kutalikirana kwa mizere kapena masinthidwe a mawu onse akuyenera kuwirikiza kawiri (kupatula mawu opezeka m'mawu opitilira mawu 40 omwe tiwona pambuyo pake).
- Ndime zonse ziyenera kukhala mipata 5 pamzere woyamba (kupatulapo maumboni otsatizana pomwe malo amapita pamzere wachiwiri, koma tiwonanso izi mwatsatanetsatane).
- Zolembazo nthawi zonse ziyenera kulumikizidwa kumanzere (kupatula pachikuto, chomwe chili ndi mawu apakati).
Mwambiri, awa ndi malingaliro pamalemba omwe, malinga ndi miyezo ya APA, ayenera kukhala:
- Tsamba loyamba muli mutu wa chikalata, dzina la wolemba kapena olemba, tsiku, dzina la bungwe, ntchito ndi phunziro.
- Tsamba lachiwonetsero: zofanana ndi chivundikiro koma mu mzindawu akuwonjezedwa.
- mwatsatanetsatane momwe chiwonetsero chachidule cha chikalata chonsecho chikupangidwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti chizikhala ndi zilembo zapakati pa 600 ndi 900 zokha.
- Zantchito: Pansi pa malamulo enieni a zolembedwa kapena maumboni opangidwa, palibe malire pa chiwerengero cha masamba kapena chiwerengero cha mitu.
- Zolozera: ndi magwero onse otchulidwa, siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi bukhu la mabuku momwe magwero onse ofufuzidwa amaphatikizidwa ngakhale ngati sanatchulidwe kapena kutchulidwa m'malemba.
- Tsamba Lapansi: zonse zomwe zaphatikizidwa mu ntchitoyi, palibe malire koma tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili zofunikadi.
- Table index.
- Mlozera wa ziwerengero.
- Zowonjezera kapena zowonjezera.
Momwe mungapangire chophimba molingana ndi miyezo ya APA?
Malamulo opangira chivundikiro, malinga ndi kope lachisanu ndi chimodzi la muyezo wa 2009, womwe ndi womwe ukugwirabe ntchito, akuwonetsa kuti m'mphepete mwake muyenera kukhala 2.54cm mbali zonse zinayi za pepala, zolembazo ziyenera kukhala zapakati komanso mutu, chifukwa ndi chikuto, zonse zili m'zilembo zazikulu (ndiko bwino kuti zisakhale ndi mawu oposa 12).
M'kati mwa zomwe chivundikirocho chiyenera kukhala ndi:
- Mutu wantchito: zilembo zazikulu zonse, zokhazikika pamwamba pa tsamba.
- Wolemba kapena olemba: amatsika pang’ono kusiyana ndi chapakati pa tsamba ndipo zilembo zoyamba zokha zimayikidwa m’zilembo zazikulu.
- Tsiku: Ngati palibe tsiku lenileni, mwezi ndi chaka chokha chofalitsa chikalatacho chiyenera kulowetsedwa. Zayikidwa pansi pa dzina la wolemba kapena olemba.
- Dzina la Bungwe: imayikidwa ngati dzina loyenerera, ndi chiyambi chilichonse m'zilembo zazikulu, ndipo imapita pansi pa tsamba, mipata yochepa pansi pa deti.
- Carrera: Zimagwira ntchito ku ntchito yomwe ikuchitika pamtundu wa maphunziro, apa ntchito ya yunivesite yomwe ikuphunziridwa kapena digiri yomwe imayikidwa, mwachitsanzo: engineering mu machitidwe amatchula mapulogalamu kapena II chaka cha sayansi kutchula utsogoleri.
- Mutu: izi zimagwira ntchito pokhapokha pa ntchito ya maphunziro, phunziro kapena nkhani yomwe chikalatacho chikukonzedwa.
Nachi chikuto cha zolemba zamaphunziro pomwe mutha kuwona zonse izi:
Sindipanga gawo lina latsamba lofotokozera chifukwa ndiyenera kuwonjezera ndi chikuto chomwecho koma pamapeto pake, pansi pa mutuwo, mumayika mzinda ndi dziko limene chikalatacho chinasindikizidwa.
Kukonzekera Chidule kapena Chidule molingana ndi miyezo ya APA
Gawo ili lalemba ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimasiyidwa nthawi zonse chifukwa, monga dzina lake likusonyezera, ndi chidule cha zomwe zili m'buku lonselo. Vuto lochita izi lingakhale chifukwa liyenera kufotokoza mwachidule zilembo za 900 (zochuluka) zomwe zili m'masamba mazana ambiri omwe ntchito yonse yofufuza ingakhale nayo.
Malamulo enieni owonetsera ndi awa:
- Sichikuyikidwa mu index: Malinga ndi zomwe miyezo ya APA ikuwonetsa, chiwerengerocho chiyenera kuikidwa pa tsamba, koma sichiyikidwa mu ndondomeko.
- Ndikoyenera kuti likhale ndi mutu waufupi wamutu pamutu osapyola zilembo 50, mzerewu uyenera kukhala m'zipewa zonse ndi pamwamba pa chidule cha mawu, olumikizidwa kumanzere.
- Mawu akuti abstract (kapena Abstract) ayenera kupita pamzere womwe uli pansi pa chiganizo cha mutu, wokhazikika komanso ndi chilembo choyamba mu zilembo zazikulu.
- Mawuwa afotokoze mwachidule mbali zitatu zazikulu za ntchitoyi: gawo loyambilira kuphatikiza mawu avuto, malingaliro apakati kapena kafukufuku yemwe wachitika, zomaliza kapena zolemba zomaliza.
- Mzere woyamba walembali sunalowe m'mbali, koma ngati mukufuna kuyambitsa ndime yatsopano, muyenera kuiphatikiza, ngakhale kuti iyenera kukhala ndime imodzi.
- Zolemba zonse ziyenera kukhala zolondola, mwachitsanzo, masikweya.
- Payenera kukhala mzere umene uli ndi mawu ofunikira a malembawo, m’mawu ang’onoang’ono ndi olekanitsidwa ndi koma ndi kuloŵerera m’mipata isanu koyambirira, mawuwo ayenera kukhala m’malembawo.
- Pali ena omwe amakonda kuphatikiza matembenuzidwe achidule cha Chingerezi ndi Chisipanishi patsamba lomwelo, komabe palibe choletsa kapena chofunikira molingana ndi mulingo wokhudza izi.
Nachi chitsanzo cha momwe chidule chokonzedwa molingana ndi miyezo ya APA chiyenera kuwoneka:
General malamulo zili za ntchito
M'zinthu za ntchito Ndibwino kuti muphatikizepo zolembedwa kapena zolemba za olemba zomwe zimathandizira kafukufuku kapena malingaliro omwe akuwutsidwa. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi njira yodziwonetsera okha, kale mu gawo la kusankhidwa ndidalongosola momwe ayenera kuchitikira, zomwe ndikukupemphani kuti muwone zitsanzo zomwe zili patsambalo monga zofotokozera ndipo mwanjira iyi tidzapita ku chinachake. zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zokayikitsa zambiri : kutanthauzira zolembalemba ndi maumboni.
Zolemba ndi zolemba: ndizofanana?
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zokayikitsa zazikulu zomwe zimachitika popanga mndandanda wa olemba ndi mabuku omwe amaikidwa kumapeto kwa ntchito yonse yofufuza ndipo ndi bwino kufotokozera zotsatirazi: iwo sali ofanana ndiye mndandanda wa zolozera uyenera kukhala ndi mabuku okhawo omwe atchulidwa m'malembawo pamene bukuli lili ndi malemba onse amene anafufuzidwa pakufufuza, ngakhale sanatchulidwepo kapena kutchulidwa.
M'lingaliro limeneli, wolembayo ayenera kuphatikiza "mindandanda" yonseyo poganizira kuti bukhuli limatsata maumboni, mulimonse momwe ziŵirizo zimasonyezedwera mofananamo motero chisokonezocho, ndicho kufotokoza molingana ndi muyezo kumasonyeza kuti ndi:
- Ayenera kuikidwa m’ndondomeko ya zilembo, osati motsatira ndondomeko ya mawuwo.
- Kutalikirana kwa mzere wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 1.5 ndipo kuyanjanitsa kuli ndi indent yolendewera (pambuyo pake ndifotokoza momwe ndingachitire mu Mawu).
- M'mabuku payenera kukhala zolemba zonse zomwe zidatchulidwa kapena kutchulidwa komanso m'mabuku onse omwe adafunsidwa., simuyenera kusiya chilichonse, ngakhale ndi magwero amagetsi.
Nachi chitsanzo cha momwe maumboni ndi zolemba ziyenera kuwoneka:
Kupanga mtundu wa indentation mu bukhuli ndikosavuta kuposa momwe zimawonekera, kachiwiri Microsoft imakulolani kuti muchite izi zokha chifukwa cha zida za Mawu. Apa ndikufotokozerani pang'onopang'ono momwe mungachitire.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuti muwonjezere zolemba zachi French ku bibliography
Chinthu choyamba muyenera kuchita ndi khalani ndi zolemba zonse mumpangidwe wofunidwa ndi APA: Dzina lomaliza la wolemba, dzina loyamba. (Chaka chofalitsidwa). Mutu wonse wa bukhuli. Mzinda: Wofalitsa.
- Mukakhala ndi mndandanda wanu wonse wa olemba osankhidwa motsatira zilembo, popanda zipolopolo, monga ndime wamba, mumasankha mawu onse omwe mukufuna kusintha:
2. Pamwamba muli mu tabu Kuyambira ndipo mukuyang'ana pansi pomwe akuti "Ndime”. Mumakulitsa gawoli podina pakona yakumanja yomwe ili ndi muvi wawung'ono mkati mwa bokosi.
3. Bokosi lidzatsegulidwa zoikamo ndime ndipo mkati mwake muyenera kuyang'ana gawo lachiwiri lotchedwa "Kutuluka magazi”. Kumanja, menyu yotsitsa ikuwoneka yomwe ikuwonetsa "Sangria yapadera”. Sankhani “French sangria"Ndipo dinani"Kuvomereza”.
4. Mawu anu adzatengera mtundu womwe mukufuna kuti mupereke mawonekedwe a APA ku maumboni anu:
Monga momwe muwonera, ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri yomwe sikungatengere mphindi 2 kuti muchite, koma kuti igwire bwino ntchito ndi maumboni anu ndi zolemba zanu kuti ziwoneke bwino, ndikupangira. khalani ndi chidziŵitso chonse cha m’mabukuwo mwaodolani mwa njira imene ndinakusonyezani kuti ziyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi kalembedwe ka APA.
Mchitidwe wabwino ungakhale Pamene mukutchula kapena kufufuza mabuku, onjezani pamndandanda wanu wamabuku a Mawu (Ndakufotokozerani kale momwe mungawonjezere gwero latsopano la mabuku), mwanjira imeneyo pamapeto pake mudzangowonjezera ku zolembazo.
Mbali zomaliza za ntchito yolembedwa
Mukamaliza kufotokoza momveka bwino maumboni ndi zolemba (kumbukirani kuti ndi dongosolo lolondola momwe amayendera) muphatikiza mbali zina zomwe ndidazitchula poyamba: mawu am'munsi, omwe mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta chifukwa kusiyana kwa mizere iwiri kumangosungidwa monga momwe zilili m'malemba ena onse ndipo amawerengedwa motsatira dongosolo la maonekedwe ake.
Mu ndondomeko ya tebulo ndi ndondomeko ya chiwerengero (ziwiri zosiyana ndipo muyenera kusiyanitsa izi ndi zomwe zili) muyika, malinga ndi dongosolo la maonekedwe awo mu zomwe zili, matebulo onse ndi ziwerengero zonse zomwe munagwiritsa ntchito.
Mawonekedwe omwe amaperekedwa amakhalabe omwewo: zolumikizana pawiri ndi kumanzerePonena za kuyika kwa maupangiri (madontho) kuchokera kumapeto kwa lembalo kupita ku nambala yatsamba, lamulo silimawonetsa chilichonse chachindunji, choncho ndi chinthu chomwe chimasiyidwa kunzeru kwa wolemba kapena bungwe.
Kumbukiraninso kuti ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chida cha Mawu kuti muwerenge matebulo ndi ziwerengero zanu, pamapeto pake mutha kungowonjezera index yanu. Pali maphunziro ambiri pa intaneti okhudza kupanga ma index, koma ndikupangira kuti muwone tsamba lovomerezeka la Microsoft pomwe amafotokozera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chidacho.
Izi ndi zomwe ma index ayenera kuwoneka:
Zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera ziyenera kuzindikirika ndi tsamba lapadera lomwe lili ndi mawu ophatikizira pakati, onse m'zilembo zazikulu ndipo pamenepa ndizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa zilembo zazikulu kuti ziwoneke bwino. Kumbukirani kuti masambawa ndi gawo la zomwe zilimo kotero ayeneranso kuwerengedwa.
Zithunzizo ziyenera kuzindikirika, kuwerengedwa ndipo gwero liyenera kutchulidwa kumene adatengedwa. Nachi chitsanzo cha momwe zolumikizira ziyenera kuwoneka:
Iyi ndi njira yofikira pazinthu zazikulu zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudzana ndi zolemba za APA, kumbukirani kuti ngati mukufuna zambiri zokhudzana ndi muyezo kapena kupeza buku lovomerezeka mutha kupita patsamba la American Psychological Association komwe limasindikizidwa kapena patsamba lovomerezeka. Miyezo ya APA: www.apastyle.orgKonzani malire anayi, molingana ndi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale:
