APA References, omwe amadziwikanso kuti APA Standards, ndi a muyezo wokhazikitsidwa ndi American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, APA chifukwa cha chidule chake mu Chingerezi) ndipo imatanthawuza njira yomwe olemba ayenera kupereka mapepala awo ndi zolemba zawo kuti akwaniritse kumvetsetsa kwakukulu.
Poyambirira, muyezo unali wongosindikizidwa ndi bungweli, koma pamene mphamvu yake yochotsa zinthu zosokoneza ndi bungwe ndi mapangidwe a malemba omwe amawathandiza kumvetsetsa kwawo adadziwika ndi umboni, adayamba kuvomerezedwa ndi mabungwe ena mpaka kufika pamene. komwe tili lero Ndi chizolowezi chovomerezeka chowonetsera zolemba zasayansi ndi maphunziro.
Kodi APA Publication Manual ndi chiyani?
Umu ndi momwe maumboni a APA atenga kuyambira pomwe idasindikizidwa koyamba mu 1929, kuti zofalitsa zingapo zalembedwa zomwe zikuwonetsa olemba "njira zabwino" zofalitsira zolemba zawo, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wotsatira. kulondola bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito maumboni a m'mabuku ndipo potero kupewa kubera.
Kuyambira pamenepo, a chikalata chokhala ndi "zosintha" za muyezo womwe umanena za zolemba ndi zolemba komanso kusinthira ku njira zatsopano zoperekera zidziwitso zomwe zimapitilira mabuku, monga momwe zimakhalira ndikusintha kwa muyezo womwe udapangidwa kuti uphatikize maumboni otengedwa pa intaneti ndipo pambuyo pake malangizo otchulira malemba kuchokera ku Wikipedia kapena mtanthauzira mawu wapaintaneti. .
Zolemba pamanja
Chaka chilichonse mayunivesite ndi mabungwe amaphunziro apamwamba amasindikiza buku lawo lokonzekera mapulojekiti a digiri, kutengera miyezo ya APA, komabe si buku la APA lokha, limangogwirizana ndi bukhu kapena malangizo okonzedwa ndi bungwe pa ntchito yomwe ikuchitika mkati izo. Izi zitha kuyankha 100 peresenti ku zomwe buku la APA likuwonetsa kapena atha kudzitalikitsa pang'ono pazinthu zina kuposa chilichonse chomwe chili mu mawonekedwe.
Buku la miyezo ya APA lokonzedwa ndi American Psychological Association lasinthidwa ndikusintha kuyambira pomwe linasindikizidwa. mu 1929, posachedwa kwambiri kukhala kope lachisanu ndi chimodzi, lomwe ndi la 2009, lomwe akukhulupirira kuti likhoza kukhala lotsimikizika, popeza pakadali pano palibe zinthu zomwe sizikuganiziridwanso momwemo, malinga ndi zomwe. magwero a chidziwitso ndi njira zowafotokozera ndi za.
Kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya APA kapena maumboni
Monga tanenera poyamba, miyezo ya APA inapangidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri a maganizo a American Psychological Association kuti amvetse bwino malemba ofalitsidwa ndi bungweli, koma pokhala ogwira mtima komanso olondola kwambiri, afalikira padziko lonse lapansi. mfundo yomwe lero Buku lililonse limene likunena kuti ndi lofunika kwambiri liyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi APA ndi kuperekedwa monga momwe akufunira.Konzani malire anayi, molingana ndi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale:
Kaya zili zasayansi kapena zamaphunziro, zolemba zonse ziyenera kukhala ndi dongosolo la APA, makamaka zikafika pa maumboni a m'mabukuwa ndi mawu a olemba, popewa kuimbidwa mlandu wobera chifukwa chotengera matanthauzo kapena malingaliro omwe ena adagwirapo kale komanso omwe amakhala ngati maumboni amtsogolo. maphunziro.
Kupereka chitsanzo choyambirira: mayunivesite onse amafuna kuti maphunziro a digiri aperekedwe pansi pamiyezo yosinthidwa ya APA ndipo pali ena omwe ali ndi buku lawolake lomwe amagawa chaka chilichonse kuti likhale chitsogozo kwa ophunzira amaphunzirowa.
Kodi miyezo ya APA imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito miyezo ya APA kapena maumboni ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bukhuli, kutsatira masitayelo osavuta olembera omwe ali achindunji kwambiri ponena za munthu kapena mneni momwe lilembedwera. Mofanana pali mtundu wina wa mawonetsedwe a bungwe la maudindo ndi ma subtitles ndi ndime za pambuyo pawo.
Pansipa pali zitsanzo zamomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kalembedwe, momwemonso, pali mawonekedwe a m'mphepete, manambala amasamba, kapangidwe kachikuto, mawu amkati m'mawu ndi maumboni amomwe anganenedwe kukhala ofunika kwambiri. .
Pansipa pali chitsanzo cha momwe mawonekedwe a chivundikiro ayenera kukhalira pansi pamiyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi maumboni a APA, omwe amawonetsa malire enieni, malo amutu komanso mtundu wa zilembo zovomerezeka komanso kukula kwake komanso mzere wake. .
Mfundo zina za APA zomwe simungazidziwe
Kodi ndinu m'modzi mwa ambiri omwe amadzifunsapo ngati chifukwa chiyani amatchedwa miyezo ya APA? Ndani anazitulukira? Chifukwa chiyani amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi? Kodi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi wotani? Tiyankha ena mwa mafunsowa pansipa.
- Iwo ali ndi dzina lawo ku acronym in English of the American Psychological Association popeza anapangidwa kumeneko ndi chifukwa chake amatchedwa APA standards.
- Miyezo ya APA m'masiku awo oyambirira iwo sanafune kukhala mtundu wokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi, iwo ankangofuna kumvetsa bwino malemba asayansi ofalitsidwa ndi American Psychological Association.
- Nthawi zambiri anthu amagwiritsa ntchito molimba mtima maudindo, komabe malangizo a APA akuwonetsa kuti: maudindo ali m'zilembo zakuda ndipo onse ayenera kukhala ang'onoang'ono, kupatulapo chilembo choyamba cha zofanana ndi kuwonjezera, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti akhale ndi mawu oposa 12.
- Webusaiti yovomerezeka ya muyezo ndi apastyle.org ndipo amalandila zosintha ndikusintha pafupipafupi, malinga ndi kamvekedwe ka anthu, zomwe zimafuna kuti mulingowo ugwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Lamulo lapitalo lidapereka mwayi wotalikirana kumanzere (5cm) popeza adaganiza choncho Zofalitsa zambiri zidapangidwa m'mawu osindikizidwa ndipo m'mphepete mwake munapereka mwayi wowerenga bwino, kupereka malo okwanira kumangirira.
- Mfundo zofunika kwambiri zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa muzofotokozera za APA ndi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi njira yopangira malemba mkati mwa kulemba ndi njira yopangira maumboni a mabuku kuti amvetsetse mosavuta.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito zolemba za APA
- Pogwiritsa ntchito maumboni a APA, zidziwitso zonse zofunikira zimaperekedwa mwachidule, popanda kuchotsa mfundo zimene zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumvetsa mfundo imene mukufuna kufotokoza. Izi zimathandizira kuwerenga ndikumvetsetsa zolemba zomwe mukufuna kufotokoza, mosiyana ndi zomwe zimapangidwira kuti azitsatira masitayelo ena kapena osatengera chilichonse.
- Kufewetsa ndi kutsogoza kufufuza zambiri za sayansi, kulola wofufuzayo kukhala ndi malingaliro awo mwadongosolo komanso kupeza mosavuta malemba omwe adasindikizidwa komanso omwe amatchula malo ofufuzira omwe akugwira ntchito.
- Iwo amathandizira kumvetsetsa kwa owerenga ndi anthu onse za zomwe zili mlembi wake kapena zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kafukufuku wa olemba ena, motero zimapangitsa kuti omwe amawawerenga apite kugwero loyambirira ndikutchulanso lingalirolo kapena kungowonjezera zambiri. .
- Kuthekera kwa kapangidwe kachikuto kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuzindikira wolemba (kapena olemba) zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzipeza pambuyo pake ndikuzitchulanso.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mitu ndi ma subtitles mwadongosolo kumatithandiza kukhalabe ndi malingaliro omveka bwino pazomwe zili, kudziŵa zinthu zimene zimapezeka mwa ena.
Pomaliza, ngakhale maumboni a APA sanapangidwe ndi cholinga chokhala ngati muyezo wamitundu yonse ya zofalitsa m'magawo asayansi ndi maphunziro, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwawapanga kukhala abwino kwa mtundu uliwonse wa zofalitsa masiku ano ndipo zatengedwa ngati muyeso wokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi pazofalitsa zazikulu komanso zabwino.
