Sichaza indlela yokwenza amareferensi e-APA ebhiliyografi ngababhali abangaphezu kwabayisi-6
Kunezikhathi lapho umthombo wolwazi usayinwa ngababhali abangaphezu koyedwa. Ngokusobala, ngamunye wabo ube nesandla ekugcwalisekeni kwalokho okufundayo nokuthi ucabanga ukuthi kufanele uhlanganyele emsebenzini wakho weziqu, kodwa wazi ukuthi izingcaphuno zakhiwa kanjani ngokuvumelana I-American Psychological Association (APA), kufanelekile ukubuza indlela yokwenza izinkomba Imibhalo ye-APA enababhali abangaphezu kuka-6.
Njengoba kunezibongo eziningi esingaziqanjwa, ngokunengqondo i-APA iphimisele ohlwini lwayo lwemithetho enikeza indlela yokwenza lula ukuqanjwa kwababhali bonke, ngoba, ngaphandle kwalokho, umfundi wophenyo ubengagxila ekufundeni iqoqo lababhali. Futhi, akukho okungabukeka kukuhle.
Ireferensi ye-APA bibliographic enababhali abangaphezu kuka-6: izinguquko zokugcina
Uhlelo lwesithupha lwamazinga e-APA lwalusungule imithetho yokuthi ungenziwa kanjani izinkomba ze-APA ngababhali abangaphezu kwabayisi-6, kodwa isakhiwo sashintsha enguqulweni yaso yesikhombisa.
Kumthethonqubo owedlule, bonke ababhali bashiwo ekucaphuneni kokuqala kombhalo futhi, kwezilandelayo, izibongo zafingqwa. Umfundi ube esekwazi ukukhomba ukuthi bekungumthombo osuvele ushiwo nokuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeyababhali abaningi. Kodwa ohlelweni lwesikhombisa lwe-APA Standards, isakhiwo sashintsha.
Umcwaningi: umhlangano "et al"
Isisho "Et al" livela Latin futhi izindlela "nabanye". I-American Psychological Association yacabanga ukuthi yayiphelele ukusebenzisa lesi sisho ukuze kube lula isibalo sababhali lapho singaphezu kwesithupha, kodwa sibathathu.
Yebo, isibuyekezo sakamuva se-APA Standards sithi, lapho umthombo uqukethe ababhali abangaphezu kwabathathu, kuyadingeka ukufushanisa amagama usebenzisa inkulumo ethi "et al" kusukela ekuqaleni hhayi okwesibili lapho kushiwo khona.
Ukufeza lokhu, kufanele usho igama le- umbhali wokuqala, kulandele isisho esithi "et al" kanye nayo yonke idatha eyenza le ngcaphuno.
Isibonelo, ake sicabange ukuthi ubhekene nomsebenzi ofuna ukuwucaphuna futhi ekuqaleni usayinwe umbhali onesibongo sikaGuerra (nabanye ababhali ababili). Ngakho i-quote ingabukeka kanje:
War et al. (2022) uchaze ukubaluleka kokubambezeleka kokusakazwa bukhoma ukuze kuvinjelwe umphakathi ukuthi ubukele izenzo zodlame ezingahlobene nokuzijabulisa obukufuna.
Esimeni sangaphambilini, sibhekene nendatshana ecashuniwe, kodwa futhi ingenziwa ngengcaphuno yobakaki kanje:
Ante el arrebato de violencia de Will Smith contra Chris Rock en la ceremonia de los Oscar 2022, se recuerda la importancia de que las transmisiones en vivo se muestren con unos segundos de retraso, algo que viene desde la época en la que el Presidente John F. Keneddy fue asesinado en pleno desfile televisado e impactó a todo el país. Menos trágico, pero también controversial fue aquel incidente en el que Janet Jackson accidentalmente mostró un pezón durante el espectáculo del medio tiempo del Super Bowl (Guerra et al., 2022).
Ake sikhulume ngokungaqondakali
Le fomethi (Isibongo et al., Unyaka wokushicilela) izosetshenziswa kusukela ekucashunweni kokuqala futhi kuphela uma ingcaphuno okukhulunywa ngayo ingadali ukudideka kwabanye.
Kodwa siqonde ukuthini ngokungaqondakali? Well elula. Ake ucabange ukuthi ngaphambi kwezandla zakho unemithombo emibili ofuna ukuyisho. Bobabili banababhali abangaphezu kwabathathu futhi ufuna ukubalula bobabili, kodwa ungena emininingwaneni: bobabili baqale basayinwa umbhali onesibongo esifanayo. Kungase futhi kube umbhali ofanayo.
Isibonelo: umthombo wokuqala usayinwe ngu UGuerra, uPérez, uMarín noGonzález kanti owesibili usayinwe nguGuerra, uLópez, uNaranjo noNieto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili izihloko zanyatheliswa ngonyaka ofanayo. Ngokulandela umthetho odlule, ukuqokwa kwabo bobabili kuzokwenziwa ngale ndlela: UGuerra et al. (2021).
Njengoba ubona, lokhu kuyingcaphuno engaqondakali ngoba uma umcwaningi ebheka izinkomba, uzobona okufakiwe okubili okuhlukene. Ngakho iyiphi ngayinye ehambelana nayo?
Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kufanele usho izibongo eziningi njengoba kudingeka ukuze uhlukanise izingcaphuno ngaphambi kokubhala et al. Esimweni sethu sokucabanga kungaba:
UGuerra, uPérez et al. (2021)
UGuerra, uLópez et al. (2021)
Ukwenza izinkomba ezivela kubabhali abangaphezu kwabayisithupha
Khumbula ukuthi, nakuba zihambisana, inkomba ye-bibliographic iyinto eyodwa futhi ukucaphuna kungenye into ehluke kakhulu. Endabeni yezithenjwa zababhali abaningi, Imithetho ye-APA iphinde isungule indlela yokuyenza.
Ohlelweni lwangaphambili lwe-APA Standards (olwesithupha), kwenziwa izinguquko uma umthombo okukhulunywa ngawo unababhali abafika kwabayisikhombisa nababhali abangaphezu kwabayisikhombisa. Enguqulweni yakamuva (yesikhombisa), izinga libuyekezwe ukuze libe Ababhali abangama-20 nababhali abangaphezu kwama-20.
Endabeni yemithombo esayinwe ababhali abangafika kwabangamashumi amabili, amagama ababhali ahlehliswa (Isibongo, Igama Lokuqala) futhi abaningi njengoba afakiwe. Ababhali bahlukaniswa ngokhefana futhi phakathi kwephenathi nelokugcina kubhalwe ukuthi “futhi” okubonisa ukuthi sesifike ekugcineni.
Manje, uma umthombo wakho usayinwe ngababhali abangaphezu kwamashumi amabili, kufanele usho abokuqala abangu-19 bese wengeza i-ellipsis ekupheleni kwenombolo 19. Bese, igama lombhali wokugcina womthombo liyabhalwa.
Amakhasi akwenzela umsebenzi
Kunamawebhusayithi amaningi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ku-inthanethi ezenza umsebenzi wokwenza izingcaphuno nezinkomba ube lula kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukuyisebenzisa, qiniseka ukuthi iwuhlelo olubuyekeziwe nolunembile. Uma usuyitholile, kufanele "uthulule" ulwazi olucelayo, uchofoze futhi u-voila: uzoba nesicaphuno nesithenjwa obusidinga esilungele ukukopisha nokunamathisela.
Ukwenza iphrojekthi yeziqu, i-athikili yesayensi, i-dissertation, i-eseyi, isethulo nokunye okufana nokulandela izindinganiso ze-APA kuthatha umsebenzi omningi, kodwa kuwufanele. Ngeke nje ube nokwaneliseka ngokuthi uzibhalele umsebenzi owenziwe kahle kakhulu, kodwa uzobonga ababhali abakha izinyathelo zokuqala zocwaningo obambe iqhaza kulo futhi uzosiza abacwaningi bakusasa.