Uma ubufunda kuze kube manje, kufanele usuvele wazi ukuthi esinye sezici ezibalulekile ezenza ifomethi ye-APA igqame kwezinye izitayela zokubhala nokuhlela imisebenzi ebhaliwe yilena ngqo: indlela yokucaphuna ababhali nokwenza izinkomba zebhayibhiliyografi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapho uzobhala umbhalo wesayensi noma wezemfundo ukuthi ungakwazi ukusekela imibono yakho ngokusekelwe emibonweni noma ucwaningo lwangaphambili olwenziwa ngabanye ababhali, noma kunjalo, uma ungabanikezi amakhredithi ngaphakathi kombhalo wakho ungase uwele kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ukukopela, okungeyona into edlula "ukweba" imibhalo noma imibono yabanye ababhali ngokuyisebenzisa emibhalweni yakho ngaphandle kwemvume yabo futhi usikisela ukuthi ngeyakho.
ngicabanga ngalokhu, Izithenjwa ze-APA zinikeza uchungechunge lwemithetho ecacile mayelana nendlela eyiyo okufanele ucaphune ngayo umbhali noma ubhekisele ocwaningweni lwakho emibhalweni oyibhalayo.
Kunendlela ehlukile yokwenza ohlotsheni ngalunye lwengcaphuno ekhona: izingcaphuno eziqondile ezimfushane, izingcaphuno ezinde, izinkomba noma izingcaphuno ezishiwo ngamagama, kodwa noma yisiphi isitayela ozosisebenzisa kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibe encwadini yakho yezincwadi, okungukuthi, ku- Imibhalo oyilungiselelayo.
Yiluphi ulwazi engiludingayo ukuze ngenze inkomba noma ireferensi ye-bibliographic?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukukhumbule lokhu futhi ukucabangele njalo uma uzocaphuna umbhali: noma nini uma ucaphuna othile embhalweni wakho, leyo ncwadi nombhali kufanele kuvele encwadini yakho yezincwadi. Kuyindlela efanele yokwenza ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ze-APA.
Ngalokhu uzodinga okungenani ulwazi olulandelayo: umbhali noma ababhali, igama lencwadi, unyaka wokushicilelwa, umshicileli kanye nedolobha lokushicilelwa. Ungakwazi futhi ukwengeza idatha eyengeziwe njengenombolo ye-edishini, ikhasi, izwe eshicilelwe kulo futhi uma ibhuku linanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomklomelo noma ukuqashelwa.
Ake sibone izibonelo ezimbalwa zokuthi uwenza kanjani ukucaphuna okuqondile ngaphakathi kombhalo, khumbula ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbili zokukwenza: ukuqala ngengcaphuno ngokuqondile nokubeka umbhali nedatha yonyaka ekugcineni noma ukuqala ngegama, isibonelo. : njengoba kubonisiwe "igama lombhali" kanye nonyaka kubakaki futhi ngemva kwalokho wenza i-aphoyintimenti yakho. Ireferensi ku-bibliography iyafana kuzo zombili izimo.
Ingcaphuno engaphakathi kombhalo eqala ngegama lombhali (ifomethi yobakaki):
Ingcaphuno yombhalo nombhali ekugcineni (ifomethi eyisisekelo):
Ireferensi yencwadi ngaphakathi kwe-bibliography:
Kubalulekile ukuthi ukukhumbule lokho Ungenza lolu hlobo lwesisho kanjena kuphela uma okuqukethwe kungaphansi kwamagama angama-40. Embhalweni onamagama angaphezu kwaleli nombolo, kunefomethi ehlukile: Kumelwe uwubeke endimeni ehlukile, ehlehlisiwe nhlangothi zombili, engenazimpawu zokucaphuna kanye negama lombhali ekupheleni, unyaka wokushicilelwa kanye namakhasi. yencwadi othole kuyo i-Quote. Ngakho:
Lolu hlobo lwengcaphuno luphinde lukhonjwe encwadini yezincwadi.
Lena idatha eyisisekelo uma isisho sivela encwadini, kodwa siyazi ukuthi namuhla izingcaphuno eziningi zenziwe nge-inthanethi, ngakho-ke ukucaphuna amawebhusayithi uzodinga okungenani: igama lombhali wombhalo owucaphunayo, usuku okushicilelwe ngalo umbhalo, isihloko sekhasi lewebhu kanye ngqo ikheli lapho uthathe khona imininingwane (uyithola ngokukopisha i-URL esipheqululini), ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngizokukhombisa amafomethi ahambisana nohlobo ngalunye lwengcaphuno.
Ingabe zonke izingcaphuno engizithatha kuwebhu ziyefana?
Akunjalo, futhi lokhu kuhle ukukucacisa.... Kunamakhasi angama-virtual encyclopedias noma angabhekwa njenganjalo, isibonelo iWikipedia okuyindawo lapho uthola khona ulwazi cishe nganoma yini ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje.
Ungase futhi udinge ukusho incazelo ethile yokuthi uyini uya kusichazamazwi esiku-inthanethi futhi lezi nazo zinendlela yazo yokucashunwa futhi kukhonjisiwe.
Ulwazi okudingeka ulwenze izingcaphuno ezivela ku-Wikipedia es: igama le-athikili, alukho usuku (kufanele ubeke lokhu kubakaki njalo lapho ubhekisela noma ucaphuna okuthile ku-Wikipedia, khumbula ukuthi i-encyclopedia ebonakalayo ehlala ivuselelwa), beka inkulumo ethi "Ku-Wikipedia" bese usuku obuyise ngalo ulwazi kanye ne-URL eqondile lapho okuthathe khona.
Nasi isibonelo esicace kakhudlwana sokuthi le ngcaphuno yenziwa kanjani ngaphakathi kombhalo kanye nokubhekisela kwayo okulandelayo encwadini yezincwadi:
Ingcaphuno yombhalo:
Ireferensi ku-bibliography:
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingcaphuno ezivela kuzichazamazwi eziku-inthanethi zifana kakhulu nalezo eziphuma kunoma iyiphi enye iwebhusayithi, kodwa ngemininingwane ekhonjiswa uhlelo, njengoba izichazamazwi, ngisho noma ziku-inthanethi, zinezinhlelo ezihlukene. Embhalweni, i-Royal Spanish Academy ibekwe nje futhi unyaka we-edishini kuboniswane kubakaki.
Ngezansi kunesibonelo ngesichazamazwi esisebenza kahle kakhulu, eseRoyal Academy of the Spanish Language enguqulweni yaso eku-inthanethi, udinga ukwazi: umbhali (kulokhu i-RAE), unyaka, igama lesichazamazwi, uhlelo kanye ne-URL eqondile. yombuzo. Kuzobukeka kanje:
Uma kubonakala sengathi konke lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukukukhumbula, ngikuphathele izindaba ezinhle: umhleli wombhalo we-Microsoft Word ikuvumela ukuthi wenze lolu hlobo lwezingcaphuno nezinkomba ze-bibliographical ngefomethi ye-APA ngendlela elula kakhulu futhi ecishe izenzekele, bheka ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuze ufake izingcaphuno kanye nezinkomba ze-bibliographic ku-Word
Ifomethi yereferensi ye-APA ingenye esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele futhi iMicrosoft yacabanga ngalokho futhi yayifuna ukwenza ukuphila kube lula kulabo abenza amaphrojekthi abo eziqu noma imibhalo yabo yezemfundo nocwaningo. Khona-ke ngizochaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Ungazakha kanjani izithenjwa zakho ze-bibliographic ku-Word bese uwasebenzisa emibhalweni oyenzayo.
- Vula idokhumenti yakho nge-Word bese uqala ukuthayipha umbhalo wakho ngokujwayelekile, uma ufika engxenyeni lapho ufuna ukufaka khona umbhalo ngena ku- “Izithenjwa” kutholakala kumenyu ephezulu.
- Engxenyeni ekhombisayo Isitayela qiniseka ukuthi ikhethiwe INI Nokho, zikhona nezinye izitayela.
- Khetha inketho faka lesisho ukwengeza umbhalo embhalweni osuvele uwubhala.
- Uma ungakabi nawo amafonti engeziwe kudokhumenti yakho okwamanje, izokubonisa inketho yokwenza kanjalo engeza ifonti entsha. Ukukhetha lapho kuzovula ibhokisi ukuze ukwazi ukudala umthombo we-bibliographic wohlobo olufunayo. Phezulu ukhetha i- uhlobo lomthombo we-bibliographic okungaba yincwadi, umagazini, ikhasi lewebhu, ukuqoshwa komsindo, imuvi, idokhumenti eku-inthanethi, umbiko kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Izinkambu okudingeka uzigcwalise zizonikwa amandla ngokusekelwe ekukhetheni okwenzayo.
- Ugcwalisa zonke izinkambu bese uchofoza ku-“Ukwamukela”. Ibhuku lizongezwa ngokushesha kuzikhombo zakho futhi okucashuniwe kuzofakwa embhalweni owubhalayo.
- Kumphathi wefonti, leyo fonti entsha ebhalisiwe manje iyavela, kokubili ngendlela ezobonakala ngayo embhalweni nasezikhonjweni ekugcineni. Ukuyifaka futhi embhalweni kuzoba lula kakhulu ngoba kufanele ukhethe kuphela inketho yokucaphuna yokufaka bese ukhetha umthombo ukuze uvele embhalweni.
Ngale nqubo elula uzobe usuwakhile umthombo wakho futhi kuzoba lula kuwe ukuthi uwucaphune embhalweni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi. kuzoba lula ukuyengeza ohlwini lwezincwadi ngefomethi elungile yereferensi ye-APA.
