Sichaza indlela yokucaphuna i-athikili ngefomethi ye-APA
Ukukhuluma mayelana ucaphuna kanjani i-athikili ngefomethi ye-APA Kungaba kuningi kakhulu, njengoba kungekho ncazelo ecacile yokuthi hlobo luni lwesihloko okuxoxwa ngalo. Ingabe yisihloko sikamagazini?Isihloko esithile esikhethekile esivela emthethweni? Kubhekiselwa kuphi ngempela?
Okuhle ukuthi amafomethi wokucaphuna izihloko, izincwadi kanye nabezindaba online Ziyafana futhi, ngokulandela imithetho ethile elula (leyo ebekwe yi-American Psychological Association, noma njengoba yaziwa njalo, i-APA) sizokwazi ukwenza izingcaphuno ezinembayo nezinembile, ezilungele ukuhlonipha umsebenzi wabantu besithathu kanye ilungelo labo lobunikazi, ngaphezu kokusekela ucwaningo lwethu emicabangweni nasemibonweni yababhali esihlokweni socwaningo lwethu abathi, ngandlela thize, bancome esikwenzayo.
ngandlela thize
I-APA isebenzisa ifomethi elula indlela yokwenza izingcaphuno zemisebenzi yeziqu noma izindatshana zesayensi ezishicilelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyingcaphuno eqondile noma amazwi acashuniwe ngokubeka amazwi athile.
Ngaphansi kwale fomethi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukusho ulwazi olulandelayo: umbhali womsebenzi, unyaka wokushicilelwa okufanayo futhi, uma waziwa, inombolo yekhasi lapho ulwazi olushoyo nolubuyekezayo lutholakala khona.
ngandlela thize
Izingcaphuno eziqondile zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: lawo angaphansi kwamagama angama-40 nalawo angaphezu kwangama-40. Yebo, konke kufika ekubaleni!
Uma isicaphuna ofuna ukusengeza kuthisisi yakho singeseqembu lokuqala, okumele ukwenze ukulifaka phakathi kombhalo, njalo phakathi kwezingcaphuno.
Uma kungu-a isicaphuno samagama angaphezu kwama-40, senziwa esigabeni esisha, sihlukaniswe kabili, sifakwe i-indenti ngamasentimitha angu-2.54 futhi ngaphandle kwezingcaphuno. Ekugcineni umbhali, unyaka nekhasi kubhalwa, konke kubhalwe kubakaki.
Izingcaphuno eziqondile zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili
Uma i-athikili oyicaphunayo ibhalwe umbhali oyedwa, ukucaphuna kulula kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo:
NgokukaMadrigal (2022), imboni yamafilimu yaseMelika “ifaka phakathi isisho…”.
Uma umsebenzi ubhalwe ngababhali ababili, ifomethi ayishintshi kakhulu. Izibongo zazo zombili zihlukaniswa ngo-“y” futhi zibhalwe ngokulandelana kokushicilelwa:
NgokukaMadrigal noPérez (2022), “imboni…”.
Kuzoba namathuba lapho uhlangana nomsebenzi osayinwe ngababhali abathathu, abane noma abahlanu. Kulezi zimo, isibongo somuntu ngamunye sibhalwa okokuqala futhi, ekukhulumeni okulandelayo, kubhalwa kuphela isibongo sokuqala silandelwa isifinyezo esithi "et al".
Ngokwesibonelo:
NgokukaMadrigal, uWilkinson, uPérez noGonzález (2022), "imboni yamafilimu iyashintsha, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zamafilimu opopayi." Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa, ngokusho kukaMadrigal et al, ukusetshenziswa kwamapulatifomu okusakaza.
Futhi uma ufuna ukucaphuna isihloko esisayinwe ngababhali abayisithupha noma ngaphezulu, khona-ke kufanele ubhale kuphela isibongo sombhali oyinhloko (isignesha yokuqala ye-athikili), kulandele "et al". Lokhu kwenziwa kuwo wonke ama-aphoyintimenti.
Ungacaphuna kanjani i-athikili ngefomethi ye-APA kumamagazini
Uma ukucaphuna ofuna ukukwenza kumayelana nendatshana yejenali eshicilelwe ku-inthanethi, uhlelo lwesi-7 lwe-APA Standards luhlinzeka ngefomethi okufanele iqukathe idatha elandelayo:
- Umbhali wendatshana: ¿Quién firma el artículo? Escribe su apellido y las iniciales de su nombre. Se permite el nombre de hasta 20 autores siempre usando el signo ampersand (&) para separarlos.
- Idethi yokushicilela: Unyaka nenyanga lapho isihloko sishicilelwe; ibhalwe kubakaki bese ilandelwa yinkathi.
- Isihloko: Into kufanele ibe negama. Yibhale ngemva kosuku futhi uhlamvu lokuqala lwegama lokuqala kuphela olungabhalwa ngosonhlamvukazi (ngaphandle kwamabizo okuyiwonawona, okumele nawo aqale ngosonhlamvukazi).
- Igama lomagazini: Lithini igama lomagazini okushicilelwa kuwo isihloko okhuluma ngaso? Yibhale ngombhalo omalukeke.
- Inombolo yevolumu: Ibuye ibhalwe ngesikhamiso.
- Inombolo yenkinga: Inombolo yohlelo ibhalwe kubakaki.
- Amakhasi: Faka ububanzi bamakhasi lapho i-athikili ishicilelwa khona.
- I-URL: Njengoba ishicilelwe ku-inthanethi, ngokunengqondo kune-URL lapho kufundwa khona i-athikili. Kubalulekile ukufaka iphrothokholi ethi “http:// noma https://”.
Ngale datha uzokwazi ukwakha ireferensi yezincwadi okufanele uzifake ocwaningweni lwakho, uma usucaphune okuqukethwe ocwaningweni lwakho.
Ifomethi yilena elandelayo:
Umbhali we-athikili. (Unyaka, inyanga yokushicilela). Isihloko se-athikili. Isihloko semagazini, inombolo yevolumu (inombolo yokukhishwa), amakhasi. I-URL.
Ngokulandela le fomethi, isithenjwa sibukeka kanje:
Madison, H. (2014, February). Ukuphila e-Playboy Mansion. Ongakwazi ukukucabanga, 25 (28), 15-23, http//www.esoesunexample
Ukulandela leyo fomethi
Ukulandela leyo fomethi (umagazini, izincwajana, izincwadi zezindaba, izincwadi zezindaba, amaphephandaba, njll.), Ifomethi iyohlala ifana. Ama-athikili azohlala ecashunwa ngendlela efanayo futhi izithenjwa zizogcina ifomethi efanayo.
Uma umthombo kuyijenali, kuphinde kuphakanyiswe ukuthi ufake inombolo ye-DOI (Digital Object Identifier), uma inayoyodwa. Ngale ndlela inkomba ye-bibliographic izobe iphelele kakhulu.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uzohlangana nokushicilelwe okungenayo i-DOI, njengoba ngeshwa akuwona umkhuba ovame ukwenziwa. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ukushicilelwa kuyingxenye yesizindalwazi sezemfundo, kodwa leli iqiniso okufanele ulizibe. Shiya igama lesizindalwazi bese uvala ireferensi ngqo enanini lamakhasi.
Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa i- I-URL ye-athikili (okwezindatshana ezishicilelwe ngefomethi ye-inthanethi) esikhundleni se-DOI, njengoba futhi kuyindlela yokuthola i-athikili, nakuba i-DOI ivikeleke kakhulu futhi iphelele.
Njengoba ubona, le ncazelo yokuthi ungacaphuna kanjani i-athikili ngefomethi ye-APA ilula njengezingcaphuno nezinkomba ozozenza. Akuyona into ongeke ukwazi ukuyenza wena. Kufanele nje uvule amehlo akho, ulandele ifomethi futhi uqaphe ngaso sonke isikhathi.