Cov qauv APA los yog references, raws li koj yuav tau pom kom deb li deb, Muaj ib tug qauv rau txhua hom citation, siv, npe, descriptive ntxhuav, dluab thiab txawm tias txoj kev uas koj tam sim no cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv ntawm ib tug scientific los yog kev kawm xwm txheej.
Tab sis txij thaum txoj kev zoo tshaj los kawm yog piv txwv li, ntau dua li ib daim ntawv qhia koj seb nws tau ua li cas, kuv yuav muab koj ib co piv txwv ntawm cov APA references hauv lub submission ntawm sau tej hauj lwm. Kuv yuav mus nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim zajlus uas hais, pib nrog lub hau thiab xaus rau lub bibliography los yog references, Indexes ntawm graphs thiab nuj nqis thiab annexes, kom koj muaj ib tug qauv tseeb los tham thaum lub sij hawm koj yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm.
General pom zoo rau lub submission ntawm sau tej hauj lwm
Koj yuav tsum paub hais tias thaum koj tam sim no sau ib tsab ntawv ua hauj lwm thiab koj xav ua raws li cov qauv APA los yog cov neeg ua tim khawv muaj ib co parameters uas koj yuav tsum ua raws li koj siab ua raws li cov qauv kawm.
Txawm hais tias nws tseem tau tias lub koom haum uas koj kawm yog ib tug yooj ywm yooj ywm yooj ywm ntawd tej txoj cai, nws yog zoo paub cov generalities ntawm tus txheem kom nws yooj yim rau koj kom pab tau lawv tom qab koj lub koom haum yuav tsum tau. Li no, raws li APA cov qauv kawm, tag nrho cov ntawv sau yuav tsum:
- Tam sim no nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv loj (A4, 21cm x 27cm).
- Tag nrho cov margins yog sib npaug zosRaws li tus tshiab tsab ntawm tus txheej txheem. Yav dhau los ib contemplated ib ob npoo npoo rau sab laug rau sab laug rau cov kawm binding, tab sis tus tshiab tsab tshuav lawv tag nrho hauv 2.54cm, xaiv tias tam sim no cov hom ntawv yog siv ntau tshaj daim ntawv luam tawm.
- Qhov pom zoo font yog lub sij hawm New Roman hauv 12.
- Cov kab spacing los yog spacing nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum tau ob npaug (tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv quotations ntau tshaj 40 lo lus uas peb yuav pom tom qab).
- Tag nrho cov paragraphs yuav tsum indented los ntawm 5 qhov chaw ntawm tus thawj kab (tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov references kawg uas tus spacing mus rau ob kab, tiam sis qhov no yuav tau pom tom qab paub meej).
- Phau ntawv yuav tsum tau aligned rau sab laug (tsuas yog rau cov nplooj ntawv uas muaj cov ntawv nyeem).
Hais, cov no yog cov kev pom zoo rau cov ntawv nyeem ntawd, raws li cov qauv APA, yuav tsum muaj:
- Npog Uas muaj lub npe ntawm daim ntawv, lub npe ntawm tus sau phau ntawv los yog sau phau ntawv, hnub ntawm lub koom haum, hauj lwm thiab kawm.
- Nthuav Qhia Txog: Zoo ib yam li lub hau tab sis nyob rau hauv no ib lub nroog no ntxiv.
- abstract Uas ib nyuag kev nthuav qhia txog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho yog ua, nws pom zoo tias nws muaj tsuas muaj ntawm 600 thiab 900 cim.
- Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm: Raws li cov cai rau citations los yog cov neeg ua tim khawv ua, tsis muaj kev txwv rau cov nplooj ntawv los yog cov tshooj lus ntawm chapters.
- References: Yog tag nrho cov chaw muab los, yuav tsum tsis txhob totaub nrog cov bibliography uas tag nrho cov chaw uas muaj txawm tias lawv tsis tau muab los yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
- Footnotes: Tag nrho cov uas tau raug nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua hauj lwm, yog tsis muaj txwv tab sis nws pom zoo siv cov uas yeej tsim nyog.
- Table Index.
- Index of nuj nqis.
- Appendices los yog annexes.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj li yuav pab tau raws li APA cov qauv kawm?
Txoj cai ua ib lub hau, raws li tus thib rau tsab ntawm lub xyoo 2009 txheem uas tseem nyob rau hauv hwjchim, qhia tias cov margins yuav tsum tau 2.54cm rau plaub tog ntawm daim ntawv, cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum tau centered thiab lub npe, vim hais tias nws yog lub hau, mus tag nrho hauv peev ntawv (nws pom zoo tias nws tsis muaj ntau tshaj 12 lo lus).
Tsis pub dhau cov ntsiab lus uas lub hau yuav tsum muaj:
- Hauj lwm npe: Tag nrho capitalized, centered nyob saum daim ntawv.
- Sau phau ntawv los yog sau: Lawv mus me ntsis hauv qab nruab nrab ntawm daim ntawv thiab tsuas pib muab tso rau hauv peev ntawv.
- Hnub: Yog hais tias tsis muaj raws nraim hnub, tsuas yog lub hlis thiab xyoo ntawm daim ntawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv. Nws muab tso rau hauv qab no lub npe ntawm tus sau phau ntawv los yog sau phau ntawv.
- Lub npe ntawm lub koom haum: Nws muab tso rau tej lub npe zoo, nrog peev ntawv rau txhua pib, thiab mus hauv qab ntawm daim ntawv, ob peb qhov chaw hauv qab no hnub.
- Haiv neeg: Siv rau tej hauj lwm uas yog ris tawm hauv ib hom kev kawm ntawv, ntawm no yog muab tso rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv hauj lwm uas yog kawm los yog tus kawm ntawv uas nws yog, piv txwv li: lub nruab engineering mentioning programming los yog II xyoo kev kawm pav.
- Kawm: Qhov no tsuas siv tau rau cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia txog kev kawm ntawv, cov kawm los yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv uas tau npaj tseg.
Hauv qab no kuv tam sim no muab ib daim ntawv uas qhia ntawv uas koj pom tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no:
Kuv yuav tsis ua ib seem rau cov nplooj ntawv nthuav qhia vim kuv nyuam qhuav tau ntxiv tias Nws yog ib yam npog tab sis kawg, raws li cov kawm, koj muab lub nroog thiab lub teb chaws uas cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm.
Npaj cov Abstract los yog Abstract raws li cov qauv APA
Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yog ib yam uas yuav luag ib txwm tshuav rau thaum xaus vim hais tias, raws li lub npe implies, yog ib txoj kev xaus lub ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov nyuab tshaj plaws txog kev ua tej zaum yuav qhov tseeb tias koj yuav tsum tau summarize hauv cia li 900 cim (ntawm feem ntau) cov ntsiab lus ntawm 175,000 nplooj ntawv uas yuav muaj tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm.
Txoj cai rau submission yog raws li nram no:
- Nws yuav tsis muab tso rau hauv lub Index: Raws li cov qauv APA, tus xov tooj yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm nplooj ntawv, tiam sis nplooj ntawv yuav tsis muab tso rau hauv index.
- Nws pom zoo kom koj muaj ib version version ntawm lub npe nyob rau hauv lub header Uas tsis tshaj 50 cim, txoj kab no yuav tsum yog tag nrho capitalized thiab saum lo lus summary, aligned rau sab laug.
- Lo lus abstract yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov kab tam sim ntawd hauv qab no lub npe summary, centered thiab capitalized nrog thawj tsab ntawv.
- Cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum summarize peb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm: introductory seem xws li cov teeb meem, hab txhawb lub or research ris tawm, xaus lus los yog kawg dissertations.
- Tsis muaj indent siv nyob rau hauv cov thawj kab ntawm phau ntawv no tab sis yog hais tias koj yuav pib ib paragraph tshiab yog hais tias koj yuav tsum muaj xws li nws txawm tias tus zoo tagnrho yog tias nws yog ib qho paragraph xwb.
- Tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum tau justified alignment, i.e. square.
- Yuav tsum muaj ib txoj kab uas muaj cov keywords ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, lowercase thiab muab cais los ntawm commas thiab indented los ntawm tsib qhov chaw thaum pib, cov lus yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
- Muaj cov neeg uas xav kom muaj cov lus Askiv thiab Spanish versions ntawm tus abstract rau tib nplooj ntawv tiam sis muaj tej nuj nqis txwv tsis pub muaj ib qho kev cai raws li qhov no.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib txoj kev npaj raws li APA cov qauv kawm yuav tsum zoo li:
Cov cai rau cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm Nws pom zoo kom muaj citations los yog references sau phau ntawv uas txhawb txoj kev tshawb fawb los yog hypotheses uas yog tsa ceg. Txhua yam ntawm lawv muaj ib txoj kev sib txawv ntawm cuag, thiab nyob rau hauv seem ntawm citations kuv piav li cas lawv yuav tsum tau ua, ces kuv caw koj saib cov piv txwv ntawm nplooj ntawv ua ib query thiab qhov no peb yuav tsiv mus nyob rau tej yam uas feem ntau generates ntau doubts: lub cev ntawm lub bibliography thiab references.
References thiab bibliography: yog lawv tib yam?
Qhov no yog ib lub ntsiab doubts uas yog generated thaum uas ua daim ntawv sau phau ntawv thiab phau ntawv uas yog muab tso rau thaum xaus rau tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm thiab nws tseem zoo kom meej meej raws li nram no: Lawv yuav tsis zoo li qub Zoo Daim ntawv uas siv yuav tsum muaj tsuas muaj cov phau ntawv uas tau raug muab los nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem whereas Cov bibliography muaj tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem uas tau raug nrog Thaum qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, txawm tias cov no tsis tau muab los yog siv.
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim zoo, Tus sau yuav tsum muaj ob "teev" noj rau hauv tus account uas cov bibliography mus tom qab cov neeg ua tim khawv, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub no muaj nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev thiab li no precisely tus tsis meej pem, namely qhov kev nthuav qhia raws li tus norm indicates nws yog:
- Lawv yuav tsum tau organized hauv alphabetical kev txiav txim, tsis nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
- Cov kab spacing siv yog 1.5 thiab cov alignment yog fabkis txoj indented (kuv yuav piav tom qab yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv Lo lus).
- Nyob rau hauv cov references yuav tsum tau tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem uas tau muab los yog siv thiab nyob rau hauv cov bibliography tag nrho cov neeg uas tau nrogKoj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau txhua yam, txawm tias lawv muaj electronic qhov chaw.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov neeg ua tim khawv thiab bibliography yuav tsum zoo li:
Ua no indent daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov bibliography yog yooj yim dua no mas, ib zaug dua Microsoft pub koj ua qhov no automatically Tsaug Lo lus cuab yeej. Hauv qab no kuv piav kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam yuav ua li cas.
Kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam ntxiv Fabkis txoj indentation rau bibliography
Tus thawj tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum ua yog muaj tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv cov formatting tias APA yuav tsum tau: Sau tus surname, pib ntawm thawj lub npe. (Xyoo ntawv. Daim ntawv qhia txog lub npe ntawm phau ntawv. Nroog: Editorial.
- Thaum koj muaj koj daim ntawv teev tag nrho cov sau tsi alphabetically, tsis muaj cov mos txwv mos txwvZoo li tej nqe Vajluglug teb no, koj xaiv txhua phau ntawv uas koj xav hloov:
2. Nyob saum toj kawg nkaus uas koj nyob rau sab saum toj pib Thiab saib hauv qab no hais tias: "Nej saib lub qab ntuj tej uas koj hais tias: "Nej saib lub qab ntuj tej uas nej tau hais tseg lawmparagraph". Koj enlarge seem no los clicking rau lub ces kaum uas muaj ib tug strap me me hauv ib lub thawv.
3. Nqi teev cia Thiab tsis pub dhau koj yuav tsum nrhiav ob seem uas hu ua "indentation". Nyob rau sab xis koj yuav pom ib tug nco-down zaub mov uas qhia tias"tshwj xeeb". Xaiv qhov uas yuav xaiv tau qhov kev xaiv ntawd.Fabkis sangria" Cia li nias lub pob "Yuav".
4. Koj cov ntawv nyeem yuav siv cov ntawv uas koj yuav tsum tau muab cov APA style rau koj cov neeg ua tim khawv:
Thaum koj yuav pom nws yog ib txoj kev yooj yim heev uas yuav tsis coj koj ntau tshaj 2 feeb ua, tab sis rau nws ua hauj lwm kom raug thiab koj cov neeg ua tim khawv thiab bibliographies haum koj zoo, kuv xav kom koj Muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv sorted nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas kuv hais rau koj nws yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov APA style.
Ib xyaum zoo yuav uas Thaum koj mus quoting los yog consulting phau ntawv koj ntxiv rau koj daim ntawv teev bibliographic qhov chaw hauv Lo lus (Kuv twb piav ua ntej yuav ntxiv ib bibliographic qhov twg), uas txoj kev kawg koj yuav tsuas tau ntxiv rau lub bibliography.
Qhov kawg nkaus ntawm daim ntawv sau ua hauj lwm
Tom qab koj elaborate cov neeg ua tim khawv thiab cov bibliography (nco ntsoov tias nws yog qhov tseeb uas lawv mus) koj yuav muaj lwm qhov chaw uas kuv hais thaum pib: footnotes, uas yog ib tug yooj yim yooj yim rau daim ntawv Vim hais tias cov kab ob kab spacing yog tsuas tswj kom tas cov ntawv nyeem thiab lawv muaj teev raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub zog.
Nyob rau hauv cov index ntawm cov ntxhuav thiab cov Index ntawm nuj nqis (lawv yog ob tug txawv thiab koj yuav tsum txawv no kuj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus) koj yuav muab qhov chaw, raws li lawv qhov kev txiav txim zog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, tag nrho cov ntxhuav thiab tag nrho cov nuj nqis uas koj siv.
Daim ntawv uas nws hais tshua tib yam: ob npaug spacing thiab tshuav alignmentNtawm qhov kev tso cai (cov ntsiab lus) kawg ntawm cov ntawv nyeem rau tus txheej txheem txheem tsis qhia dab tsi ces nws yog ib yam dab tsi uas yog nyob rau hauv tus sau phau ntawv los yog lub koom haum.
Nco ntsoov tias yog koj siv lo lus los sau koj cov ntxhuav thiab shapes, thaum kawg koj yuav tsuas ntxiv cov Index automatically. Muaj ntau tutorials hauv internet txog cov elaboration ntawm indexes, tab sis kuv xav kom koj tham nrog tus nom Microsoft lub website uas lawv piav qhov tseeb siv cov cuab yeej.
Ntawm no yog li cas cov Indexes yuav tsum zoo li:
Annexes thiab appendices yuav tsum tau muab nrog ib nplooj ntawv cais uas tsuas muaj cov lus attachments nyob nruab nrab, tag nrho cov ntawv peev thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no nws pub siv ib font loj kom nws zoo. Nco ntsoov tias cov nplooj ntawv no yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem kom lawv yuav tsum tau teev tseg.
Cov graphs yuav tsum muab qhia, teev thiab qhov chaw yuav tsum muab los ua los ntawm qhov uas lawv tau txais. Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov attachments yuav tsum zoo li:
Qhov no yog ib txoj kev mus kom ze rau lub ntsiab uas koj yuav tsum paub txog APA references, nco ntsoov tias yog hais tias koj xav paub ntxiv txog cov txheej txheem los yog tau tus nom manual koj yuav mus rau lub website ntawm lub koom haum American Psychological Association uas nws yog luam tawm los yog rau cov nom lub website ntawm cov qauv APA: www.apastyle.org.
