Koj puas tau xav paub dab tsi apa cov qauv? Niaj hnub no peb piav qhia rau koj
Dab tsi yog apa qauv? Koj ib txwm paub tias ua koj qhov project degree, thesis lossis project yog qhov loj, tab sis tej zaum koj tsis paub tias koj yuav tau sau nws hauv hom ntawv tshwj xeeb lub npe hu ua yam li qub. Cov kev cai no tau ua rau tus neeg mob siab tshaj plaws tau tshem ntawm lawv cov rau tes, siv hmo pw tsaug zog thiab ua kom pom kev hais lus tsis zoo thaum nws zoo li teeb tsa qhov ntsuas ntawm cov npoo, qhov nrug ntawm kab lus thiab kab, tus lej… Peb yuav dag yog tias peb hais. tias Nws tsis yog kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab muaj kev mloog ntau, yog li ntawm qee lub sijhawm hauv kev taug kev, tej zaum koj yuav xav tsis thoob tias leej twg tsim kev tsim txom no thiab nws yog dab tsi tiag tiag.
Hnub no peb yuav tham txog APA cov qauv txij thaum pib: APA cov qauv yog dab tsi? Leej twg tsim lawv? Thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, peb tau ua dab tsi rau lawv kom tsim nyog qhov no? Los yog zoo, ua yeeb yam tsawg, cia peb tham txog vim li cas peb yuav tsum siv lawv.
Dab tsi yog apa qauv?
Cov cai. Lub neej txhua hnub yog cim los ntawm cov cai uas pab txhawb kev sib raug zoo thiab kev txav ntawm txhua yam. APA cov qauv tsuas yog qhov ntawd, tab sis rau kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.
Feem ntau siv rau hauv social sciences APA cov qauv yog ib hom kev nthuav qhia thiab kev koom tes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau ua ke koj yuav tsum sau koj qhov project science.
Koj qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem yog qee yam sau los ntawm random. Nws yuav tsum muaj lub hom phiaj, lub hom phiaj, qhov kev xav, lub hauv paus thiab qhov xaus. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog tsom mus rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev tshawb fawb lossis qhov project: dab tsi sau yuav tsum muaj lub ntsiab lus, nws yuav tsum hais ib yam dab tsi, nws yuav tsum piav qhia dab tsi, ua li cas, qhov twg, thaum twg thiab yog vim li cas.
Cov qauvntau APA ua rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntxiv rau, lawv normalize lawv qhov kev nthuav qhia kom lawv qhov kawg tuav tau yooj yim dua.
APA cov qauv rau dab tsi?
Vim li cas ua raws li cov cai no thaum sau ib tsab xov xwm tshawb fawb? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim: kev sib koom ua ke. Ib daim ntawv sau raws li APA hom ntawv yuav ua raws li hom ntawv uas yooj yim pom tau thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj qhov kev tshawb fawb yuav tuaj yeem raug suav thoob ntiaj teb, txij li cov neeg tshawb fawb tom ntej yuav tuaj yeem siv nws ua ib qho kev siv; qhov no vim tias cov hom ntawv tau zoo heev uas txhua tus tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub siab ntawm koj txoj haujlwm.
Keeb kwm me ntsis
Qhov mob taub hau no tau pib siv rau xyoo 1929. Nws yog nyob rau xyoo ntawd uas thawj pab pawg ntawm cov kev cai rau kev tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm raug tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim.
Cov cai tau sau los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, lossis APA hauv Lus Askiv) uas, dhau los, yug hauv 1892, ntawm Clark University.
Niaj hnub no nws muaj 150,000 tus neeg koom tes thiab tswj cov peev nyiaj ntawm 70 lab nyiaj hauv ib xyoos, uas txhais tau tias nws yogLub koom haum loj tshaj plaws ntawm psychologists hauv ntiaj teb. Nws txoj haujlwm yog kev nce qib ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv.
Hauv kev pom zoo ntawm qhov no, lawv tau tsim cov qauv ua kev cai raus dej nrog lawv cov lus sau: ua ntej tshaj tawm kev tshawb nrhiav txuas ntxiv ntawm lawv thaj chaw ua haujlwm, lawv pom tias nws yuav tsum tsim qee cov cai tswj hwm kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm, qhov no nrog lub tswv yim ntawm pab txhawb lawv txoj kev nkag siab nyeem ntawv thiab kev hloov kho tom ntej, uas yog, online hom ntawv npaj rau koj tsuas yog sau rau hauv lawv.
Ib daim ntawv sau rau hauv APA hom tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yooj yim thiab siv los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej, yog li ntawd, APA tsuas yog nrhiav xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau txais qhov credit nws tsim nyog thiab muaj cov kev sib txawv thiab tshiab tshiab yav tom ntej.
xya versions
Txij thaum ntawd los, APA tau tshaj tawm xya versions ntawm nws phau ntawv. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev hloov pauv yog tsom rau kev yoog rau kev siv tshuab.
Kwv yees li 50 xyoo dhau los, leej twg yuav luag ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li Internet. Niaj hnub no nws yog xyaum indispensable rau leej twg. Ib txhia 30 xyoo dhau los, cov no yog raws li lawv txoj kev xav ntawm cov phau ntawv preponderant, cov ntawv xov xwm, thiab cov ntawv sau. Niaj hnub no peb tseem tuaj yeem hais cov lus hais hauv YouTube video.
Muab qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev siv tshuab thiab cov ntaub ntawv, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias APA cov qauv yuav tsum hloov thiab hloov kho. Nws tsab ntawv tshiab kawg (xya) tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem hauv 2019, kaum xyoo tom qab nws cov ntawv kawg. Lub sijhawm ntawd, phau ntawv muaj ntau dua 300 nplooj ntawv uas txhua feeb nthuav dav tau piav qhia rau kev tshaj tawm txog kev tshawb fawb.
Txawm hais tias 10 xyoo dhau los rau kev tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshiab, APA txuas ntxiv cov ntawv tshiab txhua xyoo kom tsis txhob tso tseg. Hauv qhov nruab nrab no, 10 xyoo dhau los.
Hom kev lees paub tshaj plaws
Tab sis APA tsis yog tib lub koom haum uas tswj hwm kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov haujlwm tshawb fawb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Koj yuav tsis pom qhov thesis lossis ib txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb luam tawm sab nraud ntawm nws hom, txij li lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv nws yog los pab txhawb kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv.
APA cov qauv muaj ntau dua li cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntaub ntawv (txawm tias qhov kev sau ua ke no yog qhov dav tshaj plaws ntawm lawv). Yog tias koj xav paub tias cov qauv apa yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum paub tias lawv tswj hwm txhua yam ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm.
Leej twg sau ntawv hauv APA hom ntawv yuav tau ua raws li cov lus qhia rau cov ntsiab lus xws li:
- Margins thiab format.
- qhab nias.
- Nplooj ntawv tus lej.
- Abreviaturas.
- Tamaño de la letra, uso de negritas y cursivas.
- Formato de tablas y figuras.
- Thiab tau kawg ... cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov ntawv pov thawj.
Peb rov hais dua tias nws tsis yog ib yam nyuaj li ntawd, tab sis yuav tsum tau ntau qhov muag, ua siab ntev thiab ntau xim. Sau koj cov lus tshaj tawm nrog lub sijhawm txaus kom koj tuaj yeem siv APA hom ntawv, thiab peb xav kom koj luam nws zoo ua ntej hnub xa khoom. Qhov ntawd hais txog "lawv tsis hnov tsw ntshai" qee zaum zoo li muaj tseeb, yog li ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws uas peb tuaj yeem muab rau koj yog tsis txhob tso dab tsi txog thaum kawg. Ntsuam xyuas, ceev faj, thiab tsis txhob noj dab tsi rau kev tso cai.
Ua ib qho thesis tiag tiag yog kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv koj txoj haujlwm, tab sis nws tsis muaj dab tsi uas koj tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej. Arm koj tus kheej nrog kev ua siab loj, ua tib zoo mloog cov ntsiab lus, nyeem cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev, txiav txim siab seb qhov twg yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj tawm thiab npaj ua rau txhua tus xav tsis thoob nrog koj cov lus xaus. Kev txaus siab ntawm kev pom koj cov haujlwm luam tawm, thiab qhov tseeb tias nws tuaj yeem siv los ntawm lwm tus rau lawv tus kheej kev tshawb fawb, yuav tsim nyog rau lub sijhawm sau koj qhov project.