APA cov qauv lossis cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, raws li koj tau pom txog tam sim no, lawv muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau txhua hom kev sau ntawv, siv, lub npe, cov thawv piav qhia, cov duab thiab txawm tias txoj hauv kev uas koj nthuav qhia cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm cov ntawv tshawb fawb lossis kev kawm.
Tab sis txij li txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los kawm yog piv txwv, tsis yog phau ntawv qhia uas qhia koj yuav ua li cas, kuv yuav muab qee yam rau koj. Cov piv txwv ntawm cov kev siv feem ntau muab rau APA cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntawv sau. Kuv yuav mus rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab uas lawv tau nthuav tawm, pib nrog lub hau thiab xaus nrog cov ntawv sau los yog cov ntaub ntawv siv, kev ntsuas ntawm cov duab thiab cov duab thiab cov ntawv txuas ntxiv, kom koj muaj tus qauv meej los sab laj thaum koj xav ua haujlwm. .
Cov lus pom zoo dav dav rau kev nthuav qhia cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm
Koj yuav tsum paub tias thaum koj nthuav tawm cov ntawv sau thiab koj xav ua nws raws li APA cov qauv lossis cov lus qhia, muaj qee qhov kev txwv uas koj yuav tsum ua raws li kom koj ua raws li tus qauv xav tau.
Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv uas koj tab tom kawm yog hloov pauv me ntsis ntawm qee cov cai, nws yog qhov zoo kom paub qhov dav dav ntawm cov qauv kom nws yooj yim dua rau koj hloov lawv tom qab raws li koj lub tsev kawm ntawv xav tau. Ua li no, raws li APA cov qauv, tag nrho cov ntawv sau yuav tsum:
- Xa rau daim ntawv loj (A4, 21cm x 27cm).
- Tag nrho cov npoo yog tib yamraws li tus qauv tshiab. Ib qho dhau los tau xav txog ob lub npoo ntawm sab laug vim yog qhov teeb meem khi, tab sis cov ntawv tshiab tau tso lawv tag nrho ntawm 2.54cm, xav tias cov hom digital tam sim no siv ntau dua li cov ntawv luam tawm.
- Hom font pom zoo yog Times New Roman loj 12.
- Txoj kab sib nrug lossis qhov sib nrug ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv yuav tsum yog ob npaug (tshwj tsis yog hauv cov ntawv sau ntau dua 40 lo lus uas peb yuav pom tom qab).
- Txhua kab lus yuav tsum tau indented 5 qhov chaw ntawm thawj kab (tshwj tsis yog rau cov ntaub ntawv rov qab uas qhov sib nrug mus rau kab thib ob, tab sis peb yuav pom qhov no tom qab nthuav dav thiab).
- Cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum tau ua raws li nyob rau sab laug (tshwj tsis yog lub hau npog, uas muaj cov ntawv hauv nruab nrab).
Feem ntau, cov no yog cov lus pom zoo rau cov ntawv uas, raws li APA cov qauv, yuav tsum muaj:
- Nplooj ntawv muaj lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lub npe ntawm tus kws sau ntawv lossis tus kws sau ntawv, hnub tim, lub npe ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev kawm.
- Nplooj ntawv nthuav qhia: zoo ib yam li lub hau tab sis hauv lub nroog no ntxiv.
- abstract nyob rau hauv uas ib tug luv luv kev nthuav qhia ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim, nws yog pom zoo kom nws tsuas muaj ntawm 600 thiab 900 cim.
- Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm: Raws li cov cai tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv sau los yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tau ua, tsis muaj kev txwv rau cov nplooj ntawv lossis cov tshooj.
- Cov ntaub ntawv: yog tag nrho cov peev txheej tau hais, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis meej pem nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas txhua qhov chaw sab laj tau suav nrog txawm tias lawv tsis tau hais los yog siv hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
- Nplooj ntawv hauv qab: txhua yam uas tau suav nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm, tsis muaj kev txwv tab sis nws pom zoo kom siv tsuas yog cov uas tsim nyog tiag tiag.
- Table index.
- Index ntawm cov duab.
- Appendices los yog attachments.
Yuav ua li cas kom npog raws li APA cov qauv?
Cov kev cai rau kev ua ib daim npog, raws li lub thib rau tsab ntawm 2009 tus qauv, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb, qhia tias cov npoo yuav tsum yog 2.54cm ntawm tag nrho plaub sab ntawm daim ntawv, cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum yog nruab nrab thiab cov lub npe, tsuas yog vim nws yog lub npog, nws yog tag nrho hauv cov ntawv loj (nws pom zoo tias nws tsis muaj ntau tshaj 12 lo lus).
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus uas lub npog yuav tsum muaj xws li:
- Lub npe ua haujlwm: tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv loj, nyob rau saum toj ntawm nplooj ntawv.
- Sau los yog sau: lawv mus me ntsis qis dua nruab nrab ntawm nplooj ntawv thiab tsuas yog cov ntawv sau npe tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv loj.
- Hnub tim: Yog tias tsis muaj hnub tseeb, tsuas yog lub hli thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau nkag mus. Nws yog muab tso rau hauv qab lub npe ntawm tus sau los yog sau ntawv.
- Lub npe ntawm lub koom haum: nws tau muab tso rau zoo li txhua tus npe, nrog rau txhua qhov pib hauv cov tsiaj ntawv loj, thiab mus rau hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv, ob peb qhov chaw hauv qab hnub.
- Carrera: Siv rau kev ua haujlwm uas tau ua los ntawm hom kev kawm, ntawm no cov haujlwm hauv tsev kawm qib siab uas tau kawm lossis qib siab uas nws tau muab tso rau, piv txwv li: engineering hauv systems hais txog programming lossis II xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb hais txog kev tswj hwm.
- Kawm Subject: qhov no tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm, cov ncauj lus lossis cov teeb meem uas cov ntaub ntawv tab tom npaj tau muab tso rau.
Nov yog daim npog ntawm cov ntawv kawm uas koj tuaj yeem pom tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no:
Kuv yuav tsis ua ib qho txawv rau nplooj ntawv nthuav qhia vim kuv tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ntxiv qhov ntawd nws yog tib lub npog tab sis thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, koj muab lub nroog thiab lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv yog luam tawm.
Kev Npaj Cov Ntsiab Lus lossis Cov Lus Nug Raws Li APA cov qauv
Ib feem ntawm cov ntawv nyeem no yog ib yam uas yuav luag ib txwm nyob rau lub xeem vim hais tias, raws li nws lub npe qhia, yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua nws yuav yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tsuas yog 900 cim (ntau tshaj) cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau pua nplooj ntawv uas tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm yuav muaj.
Cov cai tshwj xeeb rau kev nthuav qhia yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Nws tsis tau muab tso rau hauv qhov ntsuas: Raws li qhov APA cov qauv qhia, tus lej yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm nplooj ntawv, tab sis nws tsis muab tso rau hauv qhov ntsuas.
- Nws raug nquahu kom koj muaj cov ntawv luv luv ntawm lub npe hauv lub header tsis pub tshaj 50 cim, kab no yuav tsum nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kaus mom thiab saum toj no cov ntsiab lus, raws li nyob rau sab laug.
- Lo lus abstract (los yog Abstract) yuav tsum mus rau ntawm kab tam sim ntawd hauv qab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe, nruab nrab thiab nrog thawj tsab ntawv hauv cov ntawv loj.
- Cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum xaus peb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm: introductory section nrog rau cov nqe lus ntawm qhov teeb meem, central thesis los yog kev tshawb fawb nqa tawm, xaus lus los yog zaum kawg dissertations.
- Indentation tsis siv nyob rau hauv thawj kab ntawm cov ntawv no tab sis yog tias koj yuav pib ib kab lus tshiab koj yuav tsum suav nrog nws, txawm tias qhov tseeb nws yuav tsum yog ib kab lus.
- Tag nrho cov ntawv yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo, i.e. square.
- Yuav tsum muaj ib kab uas muaj cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv qis thiab sib cais los ntawm commas thiab indented nrog tsib qhov chaw thaum pib, cov lus yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
- Muaj cov uas nyiam suav nrog cov lus Askiv thiab lus Mev ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tib nplooj ntawv; txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev txwv lossis kev lav ris raws li tus qauv hais txog qhov no.
Nov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas tau npaj raws li APA cov qauv yuav tsum zoo li:
Cov kev cai dav dav rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm
hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm Nws raug nquahu kom suav nrog cov ntawv sau los yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kws sau ntawv uas txhawb nqa kev tshawb fawb lossis cov kev xav uas tau hais tseg. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ib txoj kev sib txawv ntawm kev nthuav qhia lawv tus kheej, twb nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm kev teem caij kuv tau piav qhia yuav ua li cas lawv yuav tsum tau ua, uas kuv caw koj mus saib cov piv txwv ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawd raws li ib tug siv thiab nyob rau hauv no txoj kev peb yuav mus rau ib yam dab tsi uas feem ntau ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg ntau: kev piav qhia ntawm phau ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv.
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj: lawv zoo li cas?
Qhov no yog ib qho kev tsis ntseeg tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim thaum ua cov npe ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv uas tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm thiab nws yog qhov zoo los qhia cov hauv qab no: lawv tsis zoo ib yam ces daim ntawv teev npe yuav tsum muaj tsuas yog cov phau ntawv uas tau hais hauv cov ntawv nyeem thaum cov phau ntawv muaj tag nrho cov ntawv uas tau sab laj thaum lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav, txawm tias lawv tsis tau hais los yog hais txog.
Hauv qhov kev xav no, tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum suav nrog ob qho "cov npe" coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov ntaub ntawv teev cia ua raws li cov lus qhia, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev thiab yog li qhov tsis meej pem, uas yog qhov kev nthuav qhia raws li tus qauv qhia nws yog:
- Lawv yuav tsum tau teem rau hauv cov ntawv sau, tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas lawv tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
- Cov kab sib nrug siv yog 1.5 thiab qhov sib dhos yog nrog cov hlua dai (tom qab kuv yuav piav qhia yuav ua li cas hauv Lo Lus).
- Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv yuav tsum muaj tag nrho cov ntawv uas tau hais los yog siv thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho cov uas tau sab laj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg, txawm tias lawv yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Nov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum zoo li cas:
Ua li no indentation format nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv yog yooj yim dua li nws zoo li, ib zaug dua Microsoft cia koj ua nws cia li ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej Word. Ntawm no kuv piav qhia kauj ruam yog kauj ruam yuav ua li cas.
Ib kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam ntxiv rau Fabkis indentation rau phau ntawv
Thawj qhov koj yuav tsum ua yog muaj tag nrho cov ntawv hauv hom ntawv xav tau los ntawm APA: Tus sau lub xeem, Lub npe pib. (Lub xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm). Lub npe tag nrho ntawm phau ntawv. Lub zos: Publisher.
- Thaum koj muaj tag nrho koj cov npe ntawm cov kws sau ntawv txheeb cov tsiaj ntawv, tsis muaj mos txwv, zoo li cov kab lus ib txwm, koj xaiv tag nrho cov ntawv koj xav hloov:
2. Nyob rau sab saum toj koj nyob hauv tab Pib thiab nyob ntawd koj saib hauv qab uas nws hais tias "Nqe lus”. Koj nthuav ntu no los ntawm txhaj rau ntawm lub ces kaum sab xis uas muaj lub xub me me hauv lub thawv.
3. Lub thawv yuav qhib kab lus teeb tsa thiab hauv nws koj yuav tsum nrhiav rau ntu thib ob hu ua "Ntshav”. Nyob rau sab xis, cov ntawv qhia zaub mov poob qis tshwm uas qhia tias "Tshwj xeeb sangria”. Xaiv qhov kev xaiv "Fabkis sangria"Thiab nias lub"Txais”.
4. Koj cov ntawv yuav tau txais cov hom ntawv uas koj xav tau los muab APA style rau koj cov ntaub ntawv:
Raws li koj yuav pom, nws yog ib txoj kev yooj yim heev uas yuav tsis coj koj ntau tshaj 2 feeb los ua, tab sis kom nws ua haujlwm kom raug thiab koj cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau cia kom zoo, Kuv pom zoo. muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv xaj raws li qhov kuv tau qhia rau koj tias nws yuav tsum ua raws li APA style.
Ib qho kev xyaum zoo yuav yog Thaum koj hais lossis sab laj cov phau ntawv, ntxiv rau lawv rau koj cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev cia hauv Word (Kuv twb tau piav qhia rau koj ua ntej yuav ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab li cas), txoj kev ntawd thaum kawg koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv phau ntawv.
Qhov kawg ntawm cov ntawv sau
Tom qab koj piav qhia cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg (nco ntsoov tias nws yog qhov tseeb uas lawv mus) koj yuav suav nrog lwm qhov uas kuv tau hais thaum pib: cov footnotes, uas nws hom yog me ntsis yooj yim vim hais tias qhov ob qhov sib nrug tsuas yog khaws cia zoo li nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem thiab lawv raug suav raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov tsos.
Nyob rau hauv lub rooj Performance index thiab daim duab Performance index (lawv yog ob qhov sib txawv thiab koj yuav tsum sib txawv qhov no kuj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus) koj yuav tso, raws li lawv cov kev txiav txim ntawm tsos nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, tag nrho cov ntxhuav thiab tag nrho cov duab uas koj siv.
Cov hom ntawv uas nws tau nthuav tawm tseem zoo ib yam: ob chav spaced thiab sab laug dlhosHais txog qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov lus qhia (cov ntsiab lus) los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov ntawv mus rau nplooj ntawv tus lej, txoj cai tsis qhia ib yam dab tsi tshwj xeeb, yog li nws yog ib yam dab tsi uas tau tso tseg rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus sau lossis lub koom haum.
Tsis tas li ntawd nco ntsoov tias yog tias koj siv cov cuab yeej Word los suav koj cov ntxhuav thiab cov duab, thaum kawg koj tuaj yeem ntxiv qhov ntsuas tau. Muaj ntau cov lus qhia hauv is taws nem txog kev tsim cov indexes, tab sis kuv xav kom koj sab laj nrog Microsoft nplooj ntawv uas lawv piav qhia txog kev siv cov cuab yeej raug.
Nov yog qhov indexes yuav tsum zoo li:
Cov ntawv txuas ntxiv thiab cov ntawv txuas ntxiv yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas nrog ib nplooj ntawv cais uas tsuas muaj cov lus txuas ntxiv hauv nruab nrab, tag nrho hauv cov ntawv loj thiab hauv qhov no nws raug tso cai siv cov ntawv loj dua los ua kom nws zoo. Nco ntsoov tias cov nplooj ntawv no yog ib feem ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog li lawv yuav tsum tau suav nrog.
Cov duab kos yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas, suav nrog thiab qhov chaw yuav tsum raug suav los ntawm qhov lawv tau txais. Nov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov txuas yuav tsum zoo li cas:
Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum paub txog APA cov lus qhia, nco ntsoov tias yog tias koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog tus qauv lossis tau txais phau ntawv teev npe koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub vev xaib ntawm American Psychological Association qhov twg nws tau tshaj tawm lossis mus rau lub vev xaib raug cai. ntawm APA cov qauv: www.apastyle.org, uas yog, online hom ntawv npaj rau koj tsuas yog sau rau hauv lawv.
