Tau ako ʻa e founga ke faʻu ʻaki ha kupuʻi lea verbatim ʻi APA
Neongo ʻa e ngaahi lao ʻo e Kautaha fakaʻatamai ʻa ʻAmelika (APA) ʻOku nau fakataumuʻa ke puleʻi ʻa e tafaʻaki kotoa pe ʻo hono fakahoko ʻo e fakatotolo fakasaienisi, ngaahi ngaue ki he mataʻitohi, ngaahi fakamatala, ngaahi faʻu ʻesei mo e hange ko e ngaahi fakamatala, ko e ʻelemeniti ia ʻoku hange ʻoku ne ʻomi ha ngaue lahi ange kiate kinautolu ʻoku ʻi he founga ʻo e tohi. Ko e hā e founga hono ngaohi kinautolú? Ko e ha ʻa e ngaahi tafaʻaki ke fai ki ai ha fakamatala ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he faʻahinga maʻuʻanga tokoni? ʻOku anga fefe hono fai ha fakalangilangi ia ʻi SUANA?
Sai, tau kamata ʻi he kamataʻanga. Ko e ʻuluaki meʻa ʻoku totonu ke ke ʻilo, ʻoku ʻikai tatau ʻa e fakalangilangi mo e bibliographic, ka ʻoku faʻa fai ia ʻi he taimi tatau, koeʻuhi he ʻoku ʻikai lava ke ʻi ai ha taha taʻe kau ai ʻa e taha: ko e konga takitaha ʻoku ke fakamatala ki ai, kuo pau ke tanaki atu ia ki hoʻo ngaahi fakamoʻoni fakafolofola. Ka ʻikai, he ʻikai fai hoʻo ʻapoinimeni. Ko e ha hono ʻuhinga? Koeʻuhi ʻoku taʻeʻaonga ia ki ha tokotaha fakatotolo ʻi he kahaʻu (ko e tokotaha te ne lau ʻene ngaue) ke lau ha lea lelei ʻi heʻene ngaue ʻi hono mataʻitohi kapau he ʻikai ke ne lava ʻo maʻu ʻa e fakamatala kakato, ʻa ia te ne lava ʻo maʻu ʻi heʻene ngaahi fakamoʻoni bibliographic.
ʻI hoʻo fakakaukau ki he meʻa ni, ʻoku ʻi ai ha meʻa ʻe taha ʻoku fie maʻu ke mahino kiate koe: ko e ngaahi fakamoʻoni bibliographic ia ʻoku liliu; ʻE fai maʻu pe ʻa e ngaahi ʻapoinimeni ʻi he founga tatau. ʻI he meʻa ni, ko e taimi kotoa pe ʻoku tau lave ai kuo pau ke ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakaikiiki, ʻoku tau ʻuhinga ki he ngaahi fakamatala ko ia te ne faʻu ʻa e bibliographic Reference. Ko e ngaahi lea, tatau ai pe pe ko e ha e maʻuʻanga fakamatala, ʻe ʻi ai maʻu pe ʻa e fakamatala tatau.
Tau talanoa ki he kupuʻi lea ia ʻi SUANA
ʻI hono fakamahinoʻi fakatouʻosi e ongo meʻa ni, ʻoku mahuʻinga leva ke ʻilo e founga ke fai ai ha ngaahi lea ia. Naʻe toe ʻiloa foki ko Ngaahi lea fakahangatonu, ko kinautolu ia ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e foʻi lea ʻa e tokotaha fakatotolo ʻi he foʻi lea ko e kupuʻi lea ʻo ha tokotaha faʻu tohi ʻe taha.
Ngaahi lea ne hiki mei he fakaleá ʻOku nau lelei ki he ngaahi meʻa kuo lea ʻaki ai ʻe he tokotaha faʻu tohi ha meʻa ʻoku ʻikai fuʻu mahuʻinga ke toe fakalea., ʻi heʻene fakaʻauha ʻa e kakano mo e malohi ʻo e setesi. ʻI he taimi foki ʻoku ke fie maʻu ai ke faʻu ha foʻi fakakaukau ʻo ʻikai manavasiʻi naʻa hala.
Neongo ia, ʻoku fokotuʻu mai ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ngaahi lea ʻoku ʻikai fakanounou (ngaahi lea ʻoku ʻikai fakahangatonu) koeʻuhi he ʻe lava ke lau ʻa e fuʻu lahi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ngaahi lea ʻoku hiki ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e fakapikopiko, siʻisiʻi ʻa e mahino ki he kaveinga pea mo ha founga ke fakaloloa ai ʻa e fakamatala. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku fakangatangata ai ʻe he kau faiako ʻe niʻihi ʻenau fakaʻaongaʻi ki ha ngaahi peesi siʻisiʻi. ʻE lelei ange maʻu pē hono toe fakalea ʻo e fakamatalá koeʻuhí he te ke fakahaaʻi naʻe mahino kiate koe ʻa e meʻa ʻi lotó.
Las citas textuales siempre tendrán tres elementos: ko e hingoa fakaʻosi ʻo e tokotaha naʻá ne faʻu e fakamahuʻingá, taʻu naʻe pulusi aí, pea mo e lahi ʻo e peesi ʻoku tuʻu aí. ʻE lava ke ʻasi ʻa e toenga ʻo e fakamatala ʻi he ngaahi fakamoʻoni bibliographic.
Ngaahi lea nounou
ʻOku ʻi ai ha faʻahinga lea fakahangatonu ʻe ua pe lea ia ʻi SUANA: Ko e nounou mo e loloa. Ko e ngaahi kupuʻi lea nounou ko ia ʻoku siʻi hifo he foʻi lea ʻe 40 ʻoku hiki, ʻo hange pe ko e maʻuʻanga fakamatala totonu. ʻOku nau hilehila atu ʻi he ngaahi fakaʻilonga lea.
ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe taha, ʻoku vahevahe ʻa e ngaahi lea nounou ki ha faʻahinga ʻe tolu: ngaahi lea, ngaahi lea ʻoku haʻi, mo kinautolu ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo ha setesi.
ʻOku fakamamafaʻi ʻe he ngaahi lea fakamatala ʻa e tokotaha faʻu tohi, koeʻuhi he ko hai pe ʻoku ne pehe ʻoku lahi ange ʻa e preponderance ʻa e kupuʻi lea ʻi he toenga. Hange ko ʻeni, fakakaukau ange ʻoku ke talanoa fekauʻaki mo cinema pea ʻoku ke maʻu kimuʻa ʻiate koe ha kupuʻi lea meia Mateni Fellaini. ʻOku mahino, ʻe ʻasi mai ho hingoa.
Ke fai ʻení, kuo pau ke ke kamata ʻaki ha sētesi fakafeʻiloaki, hoko atu ʻi he hingoa fakaʻosi ʻo e tokotaha faʻu tohí, pea ko e taʻu ʻo e pulusi ʻoku haʻi atú pea hoko atu mo e fakalāngilangí. ʻOku fakaʻosi ʻaki ia ʻa e fika ʻo e pesi, ʻo toe haʻi.
Hange ko ʻeni:
Neongo ʻene blockbuster ʻa e ngaahi filimi, ka ʻoku pehe ʻe Fellaini (2020) "ʻoku ʻikai ko ha cinema ia ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangata ʻoku nau feinga ke fakahaaʻi ha ngaahi aʻusia fakaeloto mo fakatuʻasino ʻa ha tangata kehe" (p. 85), ʻa ia naʻa ne fakatupu ha fakakikihi ki he ngaahi misini naʻe fakatapui ki he ngaue ko ʻeni.
ʻOku totonu ke ʻuhingamalie maʻu pe ʻa e kupuʻi lea, ko ia kumi ha founga ke hiki ai ia koeʻuhi ke faingofua hono lau.
ʻOku ʻi ai foki mo ha ngaahi fakamatala parenthetical. ʻOku nau fakamamafaʻi ʻa e fakamatala. Hange ko ʻeni, tau fakakaukau atu naʻe ʻikai ke lea ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻi ʻolunga ʻe Fellaini, ka naʻe fai ʻe ʻEnitasoni, ko ha talekita ʻo e ngaahi filimi nounou. ʻI he tuʻunga ko ia, ʻe fotunga peheni ʻa e fakalangilangi:
Kuo kaihaʻasi ʻe he ngaahi heleʻuhila ʻa e kau moʻungaʻi tangata ʻa e ʻofisi ʻo e puha ʻi he ngaahi taʻu kimui ni ka ʻoku ʻi ai ha niʻihi ʻoku nau pehe "ʻoku ʻikai cinema ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangata ʻoku nau feinga ke fakahaaʻi ha ngaahi aʻusia fakaeloto mo fakatuʻasino ʻa ha tangata kehe", (Andersen, 2020, p. 85) ʻa ia ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ʻoku siʻisiʻi e fekauʻaki ʻa e founga ki he lavameʻa fakaofo mo e puipuituʻa ʻo e ngaahi mataʻitohi.
Kapau ʻoku fai ha ngaahi lea ʻi he fakaʻosinga ʻo ha setesi, ʻoku ʻikai fie maʻu ke toe fai ha fakamatala makehe. ʻOku feʻunga pe hono fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ID (tokotaha faʻu tohi, taʻu mo e peesi) ʻi he ngataʻanga.
Ngaahi lea ia loloa
Pea Fefe kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha foʻi lea ʻe 40 tupu ʻi he fakamatala ko ia ʻoku ke fie ako? Pea ʻoku totonu leva ke ke ʻai ha kupuʻi lea ia ʻi he vave ʻene.
ʻOku fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi konga ko ʻeni ʻi ha palakalafi mavahe taʻe ʻi ai ha fakaʻilonga lea. Hangē ko e ngaahi lea nounoú, ʻoku fie maʻu ke ʻi ai ha sētesi fakafeʻiloaki (pe ko ha palakalafi, fakakaukau ki he meʻa ʻoku hokó), hoko atu mo e kupuʻi leá pea fakaʻosi ʻaki ha palakalafi ʻe taha ke fakaʻosi ʻaki.
Kuo pau ke ʻoua naʻa toe siʻi hifo he vaeua ʻo e ʻinisi ʻe taha mei he tafaʻaki toʻohema pea kuo pau ke fakaʻosi ʻaki ha haʻi atu ia ʻa ia te ke fakakau ai ʻa e hingoa fakaʻosi ʻo e tokotaha faʻu tohi, ʻa e taʻu ʻo hono pulusi ʻo e maʻuʻanga fakamatala naʻe maʻu mei ai ʻa e fakamatala pea mo e lahi ʻo e peesi te ke lava ʻo maʻu ai ia. Kapau ʻoku fakamahinoʻi ʻe he ʻuluaki fakamatala ʻa e tokotaha naʻa ne faʻu pe ko e ʻaho ʻo hono pulusi ʻo e fakamatala, ʻo ʻikai ke nau maʻu ia.
Ngaahi faiʻanga papitaiso mo e ngaahi fehalaaki
Fefe kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha fehalaaki ʻi he setesi totonu ʻoku ke fakataumuʻa ke lea ʻaki? Ko ha faingamalie ia he ʻikai ke ke lava ʻo fakaleleiʻi ʻaki haʻo tukunoaʻi ia pe liliu pe ʻa e fakamatala ki he founga ʻoku totonu ke ʻalu ki ai.
Kapau te ke maʻu ha faʻahinga meʻa pehe, ʻoku totonu ke ke fakakau ʻa e foʻi lea ko e "ko ia" ʻi he Sikuea ʻoku haʻi mo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga lea ʻi he hili pe ʻa e fehalaaki ʻi he fakalangilangi. ʻI he founga ni ʻoku ke fakahaaʻi ai ʻoku ke ʻiloʻi ʻoku ʻi ai ha fehalaaki, ka ʻoku ʻikai haʻane kaunga kiate koe, ka ki he tokotaha faʻu tohi totonu pe naʻa ne fakatonutonu ʻa e fakamatala.
ʻE hoko maʻu pe hono fai ʻo e ngaahi fakamatala ʻoku tonu mo faingofua taha ʻi he taimi ʻoku ke hiki ai ha ngaue ki he mataʻitohi, ka ʻoku mau fokotuʻu atu ke ke hoko atu mei ai. Fakahaaʻi ʻoku mahino lelei kiate koe ʻa e tefito ko ia ʻoku ke tohi mo digest ʻa e kupuʻi lea takitaha ʻo liliu ia ki ha toe fakalea, ʻio, ʻo ʻoange ha maaka totonu ki he tokotaha naʻa ne faʻu.