Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ke ʻano o et al ma APA?
Ua heluhelu anei ʻoe i ka pōkole "et at" i loko o kahi kikokikona me ka ʻike ʻole i ke ʻano o ia mea? ʻO ia ka liʻiliʻi o "A me nā mea ʻē aʻe" o "a me nā mea ʻē aʻe", Locutions Latin ʻo ia hoʻi "a me nā mea ʻē aʻe". En investigaciones científicas y trabajos de grado suele verse en bibliografías de muchos autores. Si te preguntas qué significa et al en APA, que es similar a un etcétera, pero reservado para personas.
No laila he aha ka manaʻo o et al ma APA?
Hoʻohana ka American Psychological Association (APA) i ka "et al" e pale aku i ka poʻe noiʻi e kākau mau i kahi papa inoa lōʻihi o nā mea kākau. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hāʻule ka poʻe heluhelu i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka papa inoa o nā mea kākau. E like me ka ʻehiku o ka paʻi ʻana o nā kūlana APA, ʻo ka et al. hoʻohana ʻia inā ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau mea kākau o kahi hana.
Inā makemake mākou e haʻi i kahi kikokikona i kākau ʻia e ʻO Adrian Linares, Edgardo Lara a me Luciano Gonzalez. I kēlā hihia, pono e kākau ʻia ka huaʻōlelo mua o kēlā kikokikona penei: Linares et al., 2015 (a i ʻole ka makahiki e pili ana), a me nā huaʻōlelo ma hope.
Nā ʻokoʻa me etc.
Et al. Hiki ke huikau me ka "etc." kaulana, ka pōkole no etcetera ʻo ia hoʻi "a me ke koena" ma ka Latin. ʻO ka ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana ʻia no ka papa inoa o nā mea a ʻaʻole no nā kānaka..
Además, el et al., suele aparecer exclusivamente en fuentes académicas, mientras que “etc” se utiliza en contextos tantos formales como informales.
I ka manawa et al. ʻo ia hoʻi ke alibi
Hiki paha ke huikau ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kēia, ke makemake mākou e kālele i ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ke ʻano a me nā mea ma APA. Eia naʻe, pono e ʻike i kēlā et al. he mea liʻiliʻi hoʻi ia o et alibi, kekahi ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā wahi. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi ke ʻōlelo ʻoe i kahi huakaʻi. He et al. (et alibi) hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā wahi āpau i kipa ʻia.
Pehea e kākau ai?
Ma muli o ka pōkole a me ka huaʻōlelo Latina, he mea maʻamau ka hiki ke hoʻohaunaele i kāna ʻōlelo pololei. A hiki i ka makahiki 2010, ua hōʻoia ka Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) a me ka Association of Academies of the Spanish Language i kēia ʻōlelo. Pono e kākau ʻia ma nā leka poepoe a me ka tilde, aka, mai ia manawa mai, ua like lakou me na olelo haole, i kakauia ma italic a i ʻole ma nā kaha puanaʻi a me ka tilde ʻole.
Ambiguous hihia i ka hoʻohana 'ana o et al.
ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka abbreviation et al. ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hāʻawi iā ia iho i nā ambiguities. ʻIke ʻoe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kikokikona i kākau ʻia e González me nā mea ʻepekema ʻē aʻe i ka makahiki 2015, akā he mea ʻē aʻe i paʻi ʻia e González iā ia iho i ka lā like, e hoʻohana i ka "et al." hiki ke alakaʻi i ka huikau, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea kākau wale nō e ʻike he mau kikokikona ʻokoʻa lākou.
I kēlā hihia, e hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōlelo penei:
E noʻonoʻo kākou ʻo nā mea kākau o ka kikokikona mua ʻo: González, Pérez, Mars a me Echolls a ʻo ka kikokikona e haʻi ai mai ka makahiki 2015. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi hoʻopuka ʻo González i kahi kikokikona me Rodríguez, Canto a me Vega.
Inā mākou e lawe i ke ʻano o et al, i ka helu ʻana i nā kikokikona ʻelua e heluhelu lākou penei: González et al., 2015, e alakaʻi i ka huikau.
Inā loaʻa kekahi mea e like me kēia, ʻo ka mea kūpono ke kākau i nā inoa inoa o nā mea kākau a hiki i ka huikau ʻole. I kēlā hihia, ʻo ka ʻōlelo mua:
González, Pérez et al., 2015
A ʻo ka lua:
González, Rodríguez et al., 2015
E hoʻomaopopo i ka et al. pono e "loaʻa" i ʻelua mau mea kākau ʻē aʻe. Inā he inoa hope wale nō ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai, a laila, manaʻo ʻia e kākau iā lākou a pau. No ka laʻana, ua kākau ʻia ka kikokikona mua e González, Pérez a me Mars ma 2015 a ʻo ka lua i paʻi ʻia e González, Pérez a me Canto i ka makahiki hoʻokahi.
Ma muli o ka "et al." e "loaʻa" kahi inoa (Mars a i ʻole Canto), ʻo ka manaʻo e kākau i nā inoa inoa ʻekolu e like me nā manawa a pau.
no ka kikokikona wale no
ʻO kekahi mea āu e noʻonoʻo ai, ʻo ka pōkole "et al." hoʻohana wale ʻia i loko o ka kikokikona noiʻi, ʻaʻole ma nā kuhikuhi bibliographical hope loa.
Allí se estila que aparezcan todos los apellidos de los autores, así como muchos más detalles de los textos y publicaciones a los que se refiere el autor de la investigación científica.
E hahai i ka palapala APA
ʻIke mākou he mea paʻakikī paha ka hahai ʻana i kēia mau lula, akā e hoʻomanaʻo kākou he kumu ko ka APA a me kā lākou noi. ʻO ka hahai ʻana i nā lula APA ʻaʻole wale e hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o ke kūlana i nā kikokikona, akā pale pū kekahi i ka plagiarism a hāʻawi i ka hōʻaiʻē ma kahi e pono ai.
I kēia manawa āu e kākau ai i kāu thesis, ka hana kekelē a i ʻole ka kikokikona ʻepekema, ʻo ʻoe ka mea kākau. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ka lā ʻapōpō e ʻaihue wale kekahi i kāu hana a kāʻili i kou mau manaʻo me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāu hana paʻakikī, hiamoe, a me ka noiʻi.
Ke ʻike ʻoe i ke kākau ʻana ma ke ʻano APA, ʻo ka hana ʻana i ka noiʻi (a me ke kākau ʻana) ʻo ia ka pāʻani keiki.
Nā ʻaoʻao e hana ia no ʻoe
Pono ʻoe e ʻike aia nā ʻaoʻao pūnaewele a me nā noi e kōkua iā ʻoe e hana i kēia mau ʻōlelo a me nā kuhikuhi i hiki iā ʻoe ke kākau me ka makaʻu ʻole e hana hewa. ʻO ka mea hope a ka mea noiʻi e makemake ai, ʻo ia ka nalo ʻana i kā lākou hana ma muli o kahi kuhi hewa liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lula.
Inā manaʻo ʻoe he nui loa nā ʻike a pau o ka APA no ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i kēia mau mea hana e kōkua iā ʻoe a e maʻalahi kāu hana.
Eia naʻe, hana ʻoe, ʻo ka mea nui, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi hana maʻemaʻe, maʻemaʻe a me ka hana mua, e hāʻawi ʻoe i ka hōʻaiʻē ma kahi e pono ai, e mahalo i nā lula a hōʻike i kāu papahana ma ke ala pololei i maʻalahi ka heluhelu a me ka hoʻopunipuni.
E hoʻomanaʻo, ma hope o ʻoe, he nui nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe e heluhelu a hoʻohana i kāu hana ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi, no laila ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa āu e hana ai, ʻo ia ke kākau kūpono i mea e hāʻawi ai i ka manaʻo maikaʻi a hōʻike i kou hoʻoikaika a me ka naʻau i kāu hana.
Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo kāu thesis kahi ʻano keiki o nā leka kahi e hoʻomaka ai kāu ʻike āpau. E hana maikaʻi!