Makemake ʻoe e aʻo pehea e kuhikuhi ai i kahi lula ma apa? E ʻike ma ʻaneʻi
Los hana nā palapala ʻenehana ma ke ʻano he kumu kānāwai no kekahi papa hana manaʻo o ka thesis noiʻi a me nā papahana ʻepekema. ʻAe, pono ʻoe e aʻo maikaʻi loa pehea e kuhikuhi ai i ka rula ma ka apa i loaʻa iā lākou nā huaʻōlelo kūpono no ka hopena hope: kāu dissertation.
Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka mea hope a ka mea noiʻi e makemake ai no kā lākou mau hola o ka hana e pau ʻole no ka haʻi ʻole ʻana i kahi kuhikuhi. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike mākou he kumu kēlā me kēia hana i koho ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka bibliography o kāu thesis, no laila, i kēia lā ke aʻo aku nei mākou iā ʻoe pehea e hana ai i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā kuhikuhi bibliographic o nā kūlana ʻenehana.
Akā, he aha ke kūlana ʻenehana?
Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā kūlana ISO? ʻO lākou paha nā kūlana ʻenehana kaulana loa i ka honua. ʻO ko lākou inoa mai ke kula nāna lākou i hana: ʻo ka International Organization of Standardization (International Organization for Standardization) a, ua hoʻomohala ʻia me ka manaʻo e hoʻohana nā ʻoihana iā lākou e hoʻokō i kahi huahana hope o ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohana palekana loa.
Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ISO wale nō ke kula nāna e hoʻolālā (a hoʻohou) i nā manualization standardization. Nui aʻe nā hui e hana i nā manual o nā kūlana ʻenehana kahi e hōʻike ai lākou i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa e pono ai i kahi huahana a lawelawe paha e hala i ka maikaʻi a me ka mana hana pono.
ʻAʻole koi ʻia lākou e hoʻohana, no ka mea ua hoʻoholo kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao (hui a me ka hui) e hoʻohana iā lākou, koe wale nō ka pili ʻana i nā lula palekana, no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea makemake e hoʻokau i nā limahana a me nā mea kūʻai aku i ka pilikia.
ʻAʻole ia e pili ana i nā kānāwai i hana ʻole ʻia, akā ua kākau ʻia ma hope o nā makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana, ka hoʻāʻo mua a me ka hewa, e pili ana i ka holomua ʻenehana a me ka pono o ka poʻe a pau e pili ana i nā kaʻina hana.
E ʻike i ka mālama ʻana o kahi ʻoihana i kāna mau kānāwai maikaʻi hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kona kūlana ma ka mākeke, no ka mea, ʻike ka mea kūʻai aku e pili ana ʻo ia i nā mea i nā kūlana kūpono.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i kēlā, ʻAʻole ʻo ISO wale nō ke kula e hoʻoponopono i nā kūlana maikaʻi a puni ka honua. ʻOiai aia nā kūlana no nā ʻoihana like ʻole, aia kekahi mau hui e hana i kēia hana. Aia ia i nā hoʻoponopono o kahi ʻāina ma ke ʻano ākea a me nā mea hana i nā lula e hahai ai.
Pili nā kikoʻī e like me kēia i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻoholo pehea e haʻi ai i kahi maʻamau i loko o ka apa, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea ma waho o ka kikokikona e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike hou aku i kāu mea e kākau nei a, ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o ka mea noiʻi ʻike i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. kāu noiʻi.
No laila pehea ʻoe e kuhikuhi ai i kahi maʻamau i ka apa?
Inā ʻoe e kākau ana i kāu thesis a i ʻole pepa noiʻi a ʻike ʻoe i kahi manual technical of standards, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi a hana i nā kuhikuhi ma hope me ka pilikia ʻole.
Pono ʻoe e loaʻa nā ʻikepili aʻe:
- ʻO ka mea kākau: ISO a i ʻole nā hui ʻē aʻe i hoʻomohala iā ia.
- Lā: I ka manawa hea i ʻike ʻia ai kēia mau lula?
- Poʻo inoa: ʻO ka inoa pololei o ka manual i loaʻa ka ʻike e pono ai mākou.
- mea hōʻike: ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻike a i ʻole helu e kōkua i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka maʻamau ma ka manual. Inā hiki, e hoʻohui i kahi URL.
E like me ke ʻano maʻamau, e hana ʻia ka kuhikuhi ma kēia ʻano:
Ka inoa o ka hui nāna i kākau i ka maʻamau. (Makahiki). Ke poʻo o ka hoʻoponopono. (Helu maʻamau a i ʻole kekahi ʻano ʻike ʻē aʻe). HKH.
ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi:
International Organization for Standardization. (2011). Ke alakaʻi alakaʻi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kaiapuni (ISO 14001). (Rula helu 206). https://www.thisisanexample.com
En el caso de la cita, solo basta con escribir entre paréntesis el nombre de la organización, seguida del año de su publicación. Ambos se separan con una coma. En ese caso, sería así:
International Organization for Standardization (ISO, 2014) Akā pū kekahi (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2014).
Pono nā ʻano ʻelua. Pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ua kākau ʻia ka inoa piha o ke kula i ka manawa mua i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka dissertation. A laila, lawa wale ka hana ʻana i ka pōkole, e like me kēia:
(ISO, 2014) a i ʻole ISO (2014).
I kēia hihia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ISO ma ke ʻano he laʻana, akā ua like ke ʻano me nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻē aʻe i ke kaʻina hana huahana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lawelawe hoʻohana nui ma hope. E hoʻomanaʻo e hoʻomalu ʻia kēlā me kēia hui e kekahi mau kānāwai.
Mai huikau
ʻO kahi kuhi hewa maʻamau i ka wā e haʻi ai i kahi maʻamau ma APA ʻo ka huikau ʻana i kēia mau lula me nā kānāwai Mokuʻāina a i ʻole.
He ʻokoʻa loa nā kānāwai i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻāina a no laila, ʻokoʻa loa nā kuhikuhi. Ma kēia hihia, lawe ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he mau kuhikuhi kānāwai a ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo ma mua o ka mea a mākou i ʻike ai.
No laila, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke Kumukānāwai o kahi ʻāina, ke kānāwai kīwila a i ʻole nā kānāwai kānāwai ʻē aʻe e hiki ke lilo i ʻāpana o kāu ʻano kumu, e nānā iā ia ma hope o nā ʻanuʻu like ʻole.
Inā kānalua kāu e pili ana i kēia, e nānā pono i ka kikokikona āu e haʻi ai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo inā ʻo ia ke kānāwai o kekahi ʻāina a i ʻole he hoʻonohonoho o nā kānāwai maikaʻi i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka hapa nui o ka honua.
ʻO ka ʻike maopopo
ʻO nā kūlana APA ponoʻī nā lula hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka huahana hope (ke thesis, degere a i ʻole ka papahana noiʻi) e kūlike a hahai i kahi ʻano kamaʻilio.
Hana ʻia e ka American Psychological Association (APA), ʻo ia kahi nā lula e hoʻohālikelike i nā pepa noiʻi. Ma kēia ʻano, hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia a wāwahi ʻia kahi tesis i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka honua holoʻokoʻa me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana e like mau kona ʻano.
No laila, inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo nei no ke aha ʻoe e ana i kēlā me kēia ʻīniha ma nā ʻaoʻao o kāu dissertation, e hoʻohana i nā moʻo kikoʻī, a e hana i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā puke moʻolelo ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi, eia ka pane: ʻo nā kūlana APA e hōʻoia i ka pololei. ʻai nui, ʻoiai he palapala ia e kamaʻilio ai iā ia iho.
ʻO ia ke kumu, inā ʻoe e lawe i kahi thesis mua, ʻike pono ʻoe i kahi e ʻimi ai i ka ʻike e hoihoi nui iā ʻoe a e hānai i kāu hana noiʻi.