Izithenjwa ze-APA, ezaziwa nangokuthi Amazinga e-APA, ziyi- izinga elisungulwe yi-American Psychological Association (I-American Psychological Association, i-APA yesifinyezo sayo ngesiNgisi) futhi lokho kuchaza indlela ababhali okufanele bethule ngayo amaphepha abo nemibhalo ebhaliwe ukuze bazuze ukuqonda okukhulu.
Ekuqaleni, izinga lalingelokushicilelwa kwale nhlangano kuphela, kodwa kwathi lapho ukusebenza kwayo ekuqedeni izinto eziphazamisayo kanye nokuhleleka nokuhlelwa kwemibhalo eyenza ukuqonda kwawo kutholakale futhi kwafakazelwa, kwaqala ukwamukelwa ezinye izikhungo kwaze kwafika lapho. lapho esikhona namuhla Kuyindinganiso esemthethweni yokwethulwa kwemisebenzi ebhaliwe yohlobo lwesayensi nezemfundo.
Liyini imanuwali yokushicilela ye-APA?
Kunjalo ukukhuphuka okuthathwe yizinkomba ze-APA kusukela kushicilelo lwayo lokuqala ngo-1929, ukuthi kwenziwe uchungechunge lwezincwadi ezikhombisa ababhali “izindlela ezinhle kakhulu” zokushicilelwa kwemibhalo yabo, besebenzisa imihlahlandlela ukunemba okungcono ekusetshenzisweni kwezinkomba zezincwadi futhi kanjalo ugweme ukukopela.
Kusukela lapho, a umbhalo oqukethe “izibuyekezo” ezilinganisweni ezibhekisele ezicini zokubhala nezakhiwo zamathekisthi kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezindlela ezintsha zokwethula ulwazi oludlulela ngale kwezincwadi, njengoba kwenzeka ngokuguqulwa kwezinga elenziwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinkomba ezithathwe ku-inthanethi futhi kamuva nemiyalelo yokucaphuna imibhalo evela ku-Wikipedia noma izichazamazwi eziku-inthanethi. .
Ama-Handbook Editions
Unyaka nonyaka amanyuvesi nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zishicilela eyazo imanuwali yokulungiselela amaphrojekthi eziqu, ngokusekelwe ezimisweni ze-APA, nokho akuzona imanuwali ye-APA ngokwayo, ihambisana kuphela nebhukwana noma imiyalelo elungiselelwe isikhungo ngomsebenzi owenziwa ngaphakathi. yona. Laba bangaphendula amaphesenti ayikhulu kulokho okushiwo incwadi ye-APA noma bangaziqhelelanisa kancane kwezinye izici ngaphezu kwayo yonke into esesimweni.
Imanuwali yezindinganiso ze-APA elungiswe yi-American Psychological Association ibilokhu ilungiswa futhi ijwayela kusukela yashicilelwa okokuqala. ngo-1929, okwakamuva kube wushicilelo lwesithupha, okuyilolu lwangowezi-2009, okukholakala ukuthi kungaba yilona oluwujuqu, njengoba okwamanje azikho izinto ezingakacatshangelwa kulo, mayelana nokuthi imithombo yolwazi nezindlela zokubhekisela kuzo imayelana.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga e-APA noma izinkomba
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, izindinganiso ze-APA zidalwe iqembu lezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ze-American Psychological Association ukuze kuqondwe kangcono imibhalo eshicilelwe yilesi sikhungo, kodwa njengoba esebenza kahle futhi enemba kangaka, asesabalele emhlabeni wonke. iphuzu ukuthi namuhla Noma ikuphi ukushicilelwa okuzisholo ukuthi kuyiqiniso kufanele kulawulwe izithenjwa ze-APA futhi kwethulwe ngefomethi abayiphakamisayo.
Noma ngabe okuqukethwe kwesayensi noma okuqukethwe kwezemfundo, yonke imisebenzi kufanele ibe nesakhiwo se-APA, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezinkomba zebhayibhili kanye nezingcaphuno zababhali, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukusolwa ngokukopela ngokuthatha izincazelo noma imiqondo abanye abake bayisebenzisa ngaphambili futhi esebenza njengezinkomba zakamuva. izifundo.
Ukunikeza isibonelo esiyisisekelo: wonke amanyuvesi adinga ukuthi izifundo zeziqu zithunyelwe ngaphansi kwamazinga e-APA abuyekeziwe futhi kukhona abanye abanalo ngisho noshicilelo lwabo lwemanyuwali abalusakazayo unyaka ngamunye ukuze lusebenze njengesiqondiso kubafundi bethisi.
Asetshenziswa kanjani amazinga e-APA?
Indlela yokusebenzisa izindinganiso ze-APA noma izinkomba iwukusebenzisa imanyuwali, ngokulandela izitayela zokubhala ezilula eziqonde ngqo kumuntu noma inkathi yokukhuluma ebhalwe ngayo. Ngokunjalo kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokwethulwa kwenhlangano yezihloko nemibhalo engezansi kanye nezigaba ezilandelayo.
Ngezansi kunezibonelo zendlela yokusebenzisa isitayela sokubhala, ngokufanayo, kunefomethi ekhonjiswe emaphethelweni, izinombolo zekhasi, ukwakheka kwekhava, izingcaphuno zangaphakathi embhalweni kanye nezikhombo zebhayibhili okungase kushiwo ukuthi zibaluleke kakhulu. .
Ngezansi kunesibonelo sendlela ifomethi yekhava okufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ezisungulwe izithenjwa ze-APA, ezibonisa amamajini athile athile, indawo yesihloko ngisho nohlobo lwefonti enconyiwe kanye nosayizi okufanele ibe nawo kanye nohlelo. .
Okunye okucatshangelwayo mayelana nezindinganiso ze-APA ongase ungazazi
Ingabe ungomunye wabaningi abaye bazibuza izinto ezinjengokuthi kungani zibizwa ngokuthi APA amazinga? Ubani owawasungula? Kungani zisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke? Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuzisebenzisa? Sizophendula eminye yaleyo mibuzo ngezansi.
- Bakweleta igama labo kwisifinyezo sesiNgisi se- I-American Psychological Association njengoba zasungulwa khona yingakho zibizwa nge-APA standards.
- Izindinganiso ze-APA ebuntwaneni babo bebengahlosile ukuba yifomethi esezingeni lomhlaba wonke, babebheke kuphela ukuqonda okungcono kwemibhalo yesayensi enyatheliswa i-American Psychological Association.
- Imvamisa abantu basebenzisa ukugqamisa izihloko, nokho imihlahlandlela ye-APA iphakamisa okuhlukile: Izihloko azigqamile futhi kufanele zonke zibe nezinhlamvu ezincane, ngaphandle kohlamvu lokuqala olufanayo futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, akunconywa ukuthi babe namagama angaphezu kuka-12.
- Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yezinga ngu apastyle.org futhi ithola izibuyekezo eziqhubekayo nokuvumelana nezimo, ngokuvumelana nesigqi somphakathi, esidinga ukuthi izinga lisetshenziswe.
- Inguqulo yangaphambilini yomthetho iphakamise ukuhlukaniswa okuphindwe kabili kuya ohlangothini lwesobunxele (5cm) njengoba icabange lokho eziningi zezincwadi zenziwa ngendlela ephrintiwe futhi leli khasi lanikeza ithuba lokufunda kahle, enikeza isikhala esanele sokubopha.
- Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele zicatshangelwe ezikhonjweni ze-APA yilezo ezihambisana nendlela yokwenza izingcaphuno zombhalo ngaphakathi kokubhala kanye nendlela yokwenza izinkomba zebhayibheli ukuze kube nokuqonda okulula.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinkomba ze-APA
- Uma usebenzisa izithenjwa ze-APA, lonke ulwazi oludingekayo lwethulwa ngendlela efingqiwe, ngaphandle kokukhipha imininingwane eyenza kube nzima ukuqonda umqondo ofuna ukuwuveza. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufunda nokuqonda imibhalo ofuna ukuyethula, ngokungafani naleyo eyenziwa ngokulandela ezinye izitayela zokubhala noma ukungabikho nhlobo.
- Kwenza kube lula futhi kusiza ukucinga ulwazi lwesayensi, permitiendo al investigador tener en orden sus ideas y encontrar más fácilmente los textos que han sido publicados y que hacen referencia al área de investigación en la que está trabajando.
- Benza lula ukuqonda komfundi kanye nomphakathi jikelele mayelana nokuqukethwe okungokwakhe noma lokho akusebenzisayo okuhambisana nocwaningo lwabanye ababhali, okwenza ukuthi labo abazifundayo bakwazi ukuya emthonjeni wokuqala baphinde basho lowo mbono noma bamane bandise ulwazi kancane. .
- Ukusebenza komklamo wekhava kwenza kube lula ukuhlonza umbhali (noma ababhali) okwenza kube lula ukuzithola kamuva futhi futhi zibhekisela kuzo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezihloko nemibhalo engezansi ngendlela ehlelekile kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine umbono ocacile wokuqukethwe sekukonke, ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezitholakala kwabanye.
Sengiphetha, nakuba izithenjwa ze-APA zingadalwanga ngenhloso yokusebenza njengezinga lazo zonke izinhlobo zokushicilelwa kuzo zombili izinkambu zesayensi nezemfundo, ukuba wusizo kokusetshenziswa kwazo kuholele ekubeni zilungele noma yiluphi uhlobo lokushicilelwa namuhla futhi yamukelwe njengesilinganiso esijwayelekile emhlabeni wonke sokushicilelwa okubucayi nokusezingeni eliphezulu.
